FTTH Trouble Shooting

Topics Covered
Common Issues
Isolating techniques
ONT Configurations
ONT Security related issues
BSNL Teevra App
BSNL Self care Portal
 BB / FTTH network
MPL PE
S BNG
IG
W
T1
PE

T2

T2 OLT
Voice Switch
295,296 Voice Switch
Bangalore 297,298
T2
 Typical FTTH Network 20 km, 1:32 splits

PSTN Phone

ATA
PC
Media EMS
Gateway (Optional) ONU
WDM 1:n TV
OLT Coupler 1:n
Broadband 1,490nm
Network
LIN K LI NK
DATA DATA
OLT 1 OLT 2 OLT 3 OL T 4 ACT I VE OLT 1 OL T 2 OLT 3 OL T 4 ACT IVE

1,310nm
SY STE MLI N KDA TA
1 2 3 4 LA N RE SET
1 2 3 4 L AN RE SET

Optical
IP TV/Video Distribution 1:n
HeadEnd Network

Video 1,550nm
Amplifier
Analog Video
HeadEnd ONU
(Optional)
CORE CENTRAL FIBER CUSTOMER
NETWORK OFFICE DISTRIBUTION PREMISE
 Normal Operation with DSLAM/OLT
Tagged DSLAM Tagged
Ethernet Ethernet Customer
Packets ADSL Port
Packets PC/ WIFI
does VLAN
Router
Tagging

Towards BB MPLS Cloud via

RPR/ MNGPAN

Tagged
Ethernet
Packets Tagged
Ethernet ONT does Ethernet Customer
Towards BB MPLS Cloud via Packets PC/ WIFI
OLT Packets VLAN
RPR/ MNGPAN
Tagging Router

5
 Issues Generalised
Issues in ODN – Usually media, joints, splitters,
terminations and pig tail/ patch cord issues.

Configuration issues in ONT

Configuration issues in OLT

Issues Generalised
Port issues – Faulty SFP, Bad end connector, Loose
connectors etc

Faulty ONT / Firmware problem

Faulty OLT / Firmware problem

Virus/ Malware attack in ONT/ OLTs

Isolating the Issue
First Find if it is affecting a bulk or a very few or just a
single customer
If it is a bulk or affecting few then understanding the
network is essential
Outdoor Issues
Most Common is Low / high optical power
Alphion -12 to -27
Genew -15 to -26
Netlink -15 to -25

Some ONTs are found to be working even at -39 dBm

(Very rare only small issues were reported)
 PON Light Indications:
If PON Light is RED/ NO LIGHT :
(For some makes a separate LOSS light will be in ONU)

Reason: Fiber break or Low /High Power.

If PON Light is blinking :

Reason: OLT/ONT Configuration issue.

*** For the proper working, PON light should be stable in Green Light.
Power OK
LOS
Check the fiber connector jack at ONT, if it ‘Green’ Use ‘Green’ connector
patch cord.
If it is ‘Blue’ use ‘Blue’ connector to avoid fiber loss of 2 to 3db.
Power Ok in ONT but PON not stable even after
OLT side OK
Most common issue seen is splitter issues
Patch cord / connector is faulty
Faulty splices
Distance from OLT is more than 20km
ONT itself is faulty
Broadband Issues
A BB username is authenticated by BNG and IP
allotted by BNG based on the policy and parameters
from LDAP

http://10.16.14.99:8080/easyldapbeta/

Username , BNG NAS IP , Outer VLAN , Inner

VLAN Combination
LDAP
LDAP
Diagnostics with bbtest
bbtest / bsnlmp
It will connect to any internet inner vlan tagged to BSNL Uplink side

Reason for bbtest not connecting

VLAN Tagging in OLT not proper
Username pwd error
Already that VLAN is used for some other connection
Profile issue in case of GPON OLT
Uplink fiber cut or config issue
ONU Profiles Bind in OLTs
Line Profile in OLT
Correct Username Not connecting
Correct Username Not connecting
Correct Username Not connecting
IP pool in BNG must have exhausted
Wrong Static IP mapped
MTU Issues
Normally used MTU is 1460 , 1440
 MTU Setting
Normally ONT IP will be 192.168.1.1
0r 192.168.0.1

Type it in any browser-

Username: admin
Password: admin / password /
stdONU101 /system (any of these)

Genexis ONT Config -

ONT IP 192.168.1.1
Username: admin
Password: <MAC NUM> in (Capital
Letters)

Go to network - WAN - and as shown

in figure
If any website/application is not getting
1. In Windows, go to Start and select Run.
2. Type in cmd (Windows 2000/XP) or command (Windows 98/ME) into the Open: field. Hit the enter key or click OK.
The DOS prompt should open.
3. At the DOS prompt, type in ping www.yahoo.com -f -l 1492 and hit the Enter key:
The results above indicate that the packet needs to be fragmented. Repeat this test, lowering the size the packet
in increments of +/-10 (e.g. 1472, 1462, 1440, 1400) until you have a packet size that does not fragment:

Begin increasing the packet size from this number in small increments until you find the largest size that does not
fragment. Add 28 to that number (IP/ICMP headers) to get the optimal MTU setting. For example, if the largest
packet size from ping tests is 1462, add 28 to 1462 to get a total of 1490 which is the optimal MTU setting.
Change the MTU on the routers WAN Setup.
 SPEED Issues
Speed issues are related with following parameters;

- Fiber power : It should be between -14db and -25db to get optimal speed.
(It will also rectify the Frequent WAN disconnection / Authentication failure.)
- MTU Size : Mostly MTU size are related with network elements of different
server/nodes. We can check by different MTU sizes between 1400-1500. The
most common MTU value in BSNL is 1460.
- DNS : (if the Ethernet Adaptor symbol shows Yellow Triangle Exclamation
mark on it and Internet not getting, can also be solved by the below DNS setting
on ONT or Ethernet IPv4 setting of system).
- Set DNS as 61.1.1.1 & 61.0.3.3 of BSNL (Primary & Secondary) . or
Set DNS as 8.8.8.8 & 8.8.4.4 of Google (Primary & Secondary).
 DNS Setting
Generally DNS is the only system in the
entire world that can help you browse the
internet without its IP address. You can
use Either BSNL Exclusive DNS or Google
DNS .

Proper DNS Setting will:

- Increase the speed of Network.

- Website resolving (In case of any

particular website) capability will be
improved.

- 61.1.1.1 & 61.0.3.3 for BSNL.

- 8.8.8.8 & 8.8.4.4 for Google.

DNS setting at ONT

 DNS Setting
We can set DNS value individually at PC /
Laptop / Mobile etc. as per requirement.

Note : Thiruvalla Redback BNG

DNS servers are
61.1.1.1 and 218.248.112.116
 SPEED Issues
● 802.1p - Select as “Null” in ONT configuration for better speed.

● FTTH Speed issues We have to check speed in LAN connected devices/

keeping ONT in bridge mode and giving Continuous ping to ONT LAN IP, it
must reach IP in =/< 1ms.
● The distance between the GEPON/ GPON OLT and the ONU/ONT can be up to 20 km.
 SPEED Issues
In case of FTTH plans above 100 Mbps;

- EPON/GEPON OLTs/ONTs have limitation for providing speed above

100mbps. GPON OLTs/ONTs will perform better.
- Customer PC/Laptop Ethernet port should be Gigabit Ethernet.
- Use cat 6 Ethernet cables. (Cat 6 is cable that's more reliable at
higher speeds than Cat 5 or Cat 5e.)
- PCs/Laptops should have enough processing capacity. Processors
should be I3 or above.
- Most of the Mobile WI-FI devices are limited with around 60mbps or
below speed.
 SPEED Issues with WI-Fi
- WIFI need Dual Band Antennas for ONTs/Routers (2.4 GHz
(802.11g/N) and 5.1 GHz (802.11a/N))
 Range of Dual Band Antennas in WIFI

The 2.4 GHz band provides coverage at a longer range but transmits data at slower

speeds. The 5 GHz band provides less coverage but transmits data at faster speeds.
The range is lower in the 5 GHz band because higher frequencies cannot penetrate
solid objects, such as walls and floors.
Wifi Related Issues
Low speed (Channel width) – Solution is AC Series Router
Data inconsistency observed with some firmware

Some TV Settop boxes were found to interfere with Wifi ONTs

, Issue was cleared after TV settop box kept away by 1.5 mtrs.

Recently noted WPA2 Mixed to change as WPA2 for Netlink

ONTs
WiFi Speed Issue
VPN Server Issues
You can´t connect to the VPN server at all.
-If you can not connect to your VPN server at all and have a router
the VPN application may require you to either open certain ports,
assign an IP to a specific computer, or use a separate PPPoE client
directly on the computer (ONT in Bridge)
You can connect and authenticate to the VPN server but
nothing else happens and applications stalls, time out, or fail to
load.
-If you can connect and authenticate but applications stall, time out,
or fail to load your MTU may be lowered.
 VPN Issues with ONT
If a particular customer complaints about his VPN is not getting via his
ONT….

Please check the MTU Size needed for his VPN and apply it.

For Eg: Global Protect VPN need 1460 in ONT & 1300 in Global
Protect VPN Adapter setting.

Most of the ONTs support VPNs. In case of not supporting, please

ask the ONT Vendor for firmware upgrade.
FTTH Internet Low speed issues
Presence of competitor speed test servers

FTP Test
OLT Uplink Optical Power level Issue
PTN -9 dBm to – 14 dBm
MNG PAN upto - 14 for 40km sfp -21 for 80km sfp
 Ring Power Range is also found to create issues (A LOT of issues) Upto -14dBm
40km sfp -21 for 80km sfp

BNG , Core Link Issues , IGW etc

 SPEED TESTING
speedtest.net
fast.com
openspeedtest.com

Speed Test may or may not show the

Exact speed of Internet.

Select the Server which shows lowest

Ping in ms. ( Here it is Asianet
Broadband Server )
Here shows the Name & WAN IP
of Internet Service Provider.

Speed test very much depends on the Server, to which the speed test tool Uploading and
Downloading data to check the speed. The delay in that network results wrong speed test.
 Important Security Aspects
1. All are requested to change MODEM/FTTH ONT login 6. Deny location sharing and device access for apps
password with a difficult one. (With Alphabets/ when it is not used(Deny full access, if it not
Numeric/ Special Characters). necessary) .

2. Old ONTs have firmware updates available. Please 7. Use WiFi passwords for Access points.
update soon.
8. Don't share your IP details, Internet usernames to
3. Use carefully and only in urgent situations :Remote anyone.
access like Anydesk, Ultraviewer, Team viewer etc.
After use make sure that it is log off and closed. 9. Don't save your bank/atm/email passwords and
credit card no.s in mobiles or in online platforms and
4. Install a good antivirus in PCs/Laptops/Mobiles. Also also in browsers .
use firewall in OS for Internet access.
10. Stay safe with your Private Data.
5. Shut down systems and Internet access devices
after use.
 BSNL Teevra Application
This Mobile app meant for fetching the Features;
FTTH/ Broadband LIVE details via your
Mobile and make your customer - BROADBAND/FTTH DETAILS.
service more easier ; username, status- active/suspended

Link for downloading - outstanding amount

www.tinyurl.com/teevra-final connected status - connected / not
connected
Who can avail this application;
olt inner & outer vlan and OLT owner.
- BSNL Employees upto TM level - Port verify
- to check whether connected to the
- BBCs/ LCOs
desired port/vlan
 TEEVRA
Application
Data Usage check via selfcare.bsnl.co.in
Plan change via selfcare.bsnl.co.in
Call NIB, If the plan change is not done within 48 Hours.
 Speed Upgrade after Plan Limit

● Please use below links for speed upgradation

after exceeding the limit offered by plan.

- 172.30.3.134:9090/ssssnpm/promotional.jsp

- https://fuptopup.bsnl.co.in
 Disconnection and Reconnection
Normal Disconnection Dates : 6th-10th of next month after last date of payment.

If the Connection gets disconnected, All the light will be same on ONT. But the internet won’t get.
Check the IP in ONT corresponding to FTTH Data/WAN Connection, if the WAN IP starts with
10.x.x.x.x series, we can confirm that it is in disconnection due to non-payment. Pay the bill to
any BSNL customer service centre for the speedy reconnection.

Or By using IPTOOLs app in mobile connected to FTTH WIFI can fetch the external/WAN IP.

Reconnection
After the bill payment, wait for 2 to12 hours to get it reconnected.

After the reconnection, Reboot the ONT to get the Internet.

Vendor
Popular LCO ONTS
IP Address of ONT Username Password

Netlink 323 192.168.1.1 admin stdONU101

Netlink VSOL 192.168.1.1 admin vsONU101

Netlink Single port Internet Only 192.168.1.1 admin admin

Syrotech 192.168.1.1 admin stdONU101

Digisol 192.168.1.1 admin stdONU101

Technext 192.168.1.1 admin stdONU101

DBC 192.168.1.1 super admin

Huawei 192.168.1.1 telecomadmin admintelecom

Huawei 192.168.100.1 telecomadmin admintelecom

Optilink 192.168.10.1 admin admin

58
 INTERNET Configuration in Alphion ONU

Alphion ONU
Login IP: 192.168.1.1
Username: admin
Password: system
 INTERNET Configuration in Syrotech/Netlink ONU

Syrotech/Netlink ONU :
Login IP: 192.168.1.1
Username: admin
Password: stdONU101
 INTERNET Configuration in OptiLink ONU

Optilink ONU:
Login IP: 192.168.10.1
Username: admin
Password: admin
 FTTH VOIP - DHCP Configuration for LCOs

VLAN: 1831 OUTBOUND PROXY: ENABLED

IP PROTOCOL MODE: IPV4 OUTBOUND PROXY ADDRESS: 10.187.6.12

SERVICE MODE: VOICE - VOIP SIP DOMAIN: 10.187.6.12

SERVICE TYPE: SOFTSWITCH SIP SESSION TIMER ENABLED

SIP REGISTER ADDR. : 10.187.6.12 LINE 1 ENABLED

Or kl.ftthvoip.bsnl.in ACCOUNT NUMBER: 9148********

PRIMARY SIP PROXY ADDRESS: 10.187.6.12 ACCOUNT NAME: 9148********

SUBSCRIBE: ENABLED PASSWORD: xxxx ( Password will vary, It depends on

the creation at NIB/ Soft Switch for each number)
NETLINK MODEM
IP : USERNAME: admin
PASSWORD: stdONU101
192.168.1.1

or kl.ftthvoip.bsnl.in
NETLINK MODEM
IP : USERNAME: admin
PASSWORD: stdONU101
192.168.1.1
Huawei ONU USERNAME: Epadmin
IP: 192.168.18.1 PASSWORD: adminEp
Huawei ONU USERNAME: Epadmin
IP: 192.168.18.1 PASSWORD: adminEp
 USERNAME: Epadmin
Huawei ONU PASSWORD: adminEp
IP: 192.168.18.1
 USERNAME: Epadmin
Huawei ONU PASSWORD: adminEp
IP: 192.168.18.1
Genexis ONT Config
802.1p refers to an IEEE specification for giving Layer 2 switches the ability to
prioritize traffic and QoS.
Genexis ONT – VoIP Config
Genexis ONT – VoIP Config
 VOIP Configuration by Static IP
VLAN: 1830 PRIMARY SIP PROXY:

IP PROTOCOL MODE: IPV4 ADDRESS: 10.187.6.12

SERVICE MODE: VOICE SUBSCRIBE: DISABLED

IP ADDRESS/SUBNET MASK/GATEWAY : BY NIB OUTBOUND PROXY: ENABLED

PRIMARY DNS: 172.30.249.3 OUTBOUND PROXY ADDRESS: 10.187.6.12

SECONDARY DNS: 172.30.249.19 SIP DOMAIN: 10.187.6.12

SESSION TIMER ENABLED

VOIP : LINE 1 ENABLED

SERVICE TYPE: SOFTSWITCH SIP ACCOUNT NUMBER: 9148********

PRIMARY SIP REGISTER ADDR. : “VOICE IP” ACCOUNT NAME: 9148********

SECONDARY SIP REGISTER ADDR. : 10.187.6.12 PASSWORD: xxxx ( Password will vary, It depends on
the creation at NIB/ Soft Switch for each number)
Port Forwarding
Port forwarding
Port forwarding tester – yougetsignal.com

Gateway of server to be set as FTTH ONT

Port is to be forwarded
Service should be working in the server
Server Firewall Blocking should be removed

Any ACL blocking of ports in BNG or OLT

Whether Service is working in the server / Whether the
port is open in the computer ?
Firewall Settings
BNG Blocking Certain ports
Latency Issues
Ping to Modem
Ping to some BSNL FTP Server (eg- 218.248.255.137)
Ping to Google DNS Server
tracert
pathping
MTR (formerly known as Matt’s Traceroute; now My
Traceroute)
MTR in Linux
Gaming & NAT
Open NAT or Type 1 : With an OPEN NAT type, you're able to play and host multiplayer games with
people who have any NAT type on their network.
Moderate NAT or Type 2 : With a MODERATE NAT type, you're able to play multiplayer games with
some people; however, you might not be able to play with others, and normally you won't be chosen as
the host of a match.
Strict NAT or Type 3 : With a STRICT NAT type, you're only able to play multiplayer games with
people who have an OPEN NAT type. You can't be chosen as the host of a match.

Solution:
Enable DMZ or
Enable Upnp or
forward below ports
For XBOX Gaming UDP: 88, 500, 3544, 4500 TCP & UDP: 3074
For PS4 Gaming TCP : 80, 443, 3478, 3479, 3480 UDP: 3478, 3479
DMZ
UPnP
Netflix , Amazon Streaming Issues
MTU when set to 1440 or lower has seen to clear this
issue
Whatsapp Call issues
Almost always blocked by the ONT concerned

Firewall settings of ONT

 Eg – Optilink, Netlink 2801model
 VOICE Features
Dynamic Locking
For 297 and 298 Level Call *444 It will land to IVRS from choose the required By
Default password is 1234

For 295 and 296 level –(Similar to Landline) Dial 123/124 By default password is
0000
 To change password Dial 123 0000 ABCD(Where ABCD is the new password)
 To open up to local and level 9: Dial 124 ABCD 1
 To open up to STD: Dial 124 ABCD 3
 To open up to ISD: Dial 124 ABCD 0
 To lock all out going except level 1: Dial 124 ABCD 4
Call Forwarding
Facility is to be added for that number from switch portal

For FTTH to mobile use (295/296)

*114+7777+10 digit mobile number
Reverse in case of CDOT LL Aseem to FTTH
*114 +6666+STD Code with zero)+FTTH number
*115 Deactivation

For 297 / 298 Level IVRS *444

*224 + Mobile Num
*225 Deactivation
VOICE Features
Hotline and Delayed Hotline are ONT features
Eg Alphion 1143 , Many huawei Onts ,LCO ONTs

Hunting Group facility to add in Switch

Centrex also can Add

Voice Issues
Voice Not registering
No calls inside OLT
IC ok no OG
OG OK no IC
Call Drop immediate
Oneway speeches
Voice IP conflict issues
Dial tone issues
Dialing Fails to certain numbers
Voice Not registering
Simply Call to that number (Announcement)
Configured Username Pwd Error in ONT
Softswitch Registered Subscribers
No calls between customer of same OLT
P2P to enable
Alphion GLCP Card , SWT
Incoming call ok , but no outgoing call

With announcement like access level barred then

switch call facility / locking to check

 If no announcements then check sip enable in ont

Check EPBT in Tone Mode / Number keypad issue

Outgoing call OK But No Incoming Call

Confirm Outbound Proxy Enabled

If customer Voice IP is duplicated it can happen

EPBT issue
Call immediately drops when other party takes Call

Disable ( untick) Subscribe in VOIP Menu (Seen only

in netlink onts)
One-way speeches
In VOIP Advanced menu Codec priority
1st G711 Alaw
2nd G711 ulaw
3rd G729
4th G723
It must be in this order
If between CDOT NGN then route FTTH IP pool in CDOT CACU
If between UT NGN then in LMG set codec priority Alaw first
 One Way Speech
Issue
●It can be solved by setting
‘alaw’ & ‘ulaw’ in VOIP
Advanced Configuration.

●Codec priority 1: G711-alaw

●Codec priority 2: G711-ulaw
VoIP Troubleshooting
VoIP
Troubleshooting
Dial tone issues
Tone India , UK etc
Dial tone duration 30 sec
Short Digit Timer 5 sec
Certain Numbers call Not going
Some numbers like *224 xxxx or 1800 xxx yyyy when
called , announcement get as Number does not exist
OR immediately call drops without connecting – Dial
Plan in ONT is the problem usually ONT vendor can
help it
ONT Security Features
Latest firmware . Default password change and block
all WAN access
http://bharatfibre.bsnl.co.in/
 To get Third Party ONT firmware updates – Visit: http
://bharatfibre.bsnl.co.in/
 Need for Firmware Update in ONT..

 Stability of ONT connectivity with OLTs can be increased and hence Improved Internet
Connectivity.
 In Some cases malicious data upload issues solved by an update.
 VoIP issues – Eg: frequent disconnection, One side voice etc.
 Speed improved by some updates.
 Recent update of Netlink solved issues with VPN connectivity.
DDos Attack
Alphion ONTs
Netlink ,Syrotech , Optilink ,DBC were affected

All our Network Infra could be overwhelmed with

such attacks
Traffic Pattern
ONT Generating Upload Traffic
Huge Upload generated from ONTs

When VOICE
VLAN 1830 was
removed from
OLT
BW reduced from
350M to 50 M
 VLAN Loop with Kerala Vision
Noticed PK_LOS Alarm indicating Non BSNL VLAN to
MNG PAN Port

KV Vlan was
pumping upload
traffic to PAN port
but not seen in BNG
Thank You