Professional Documents
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Operations Management
Operations Management
Management
Supplement 6 –
Statistical Process Control
PowerPoint presentation to accompany
Heizer/Render
Principles of Operations Management, 6e
Operations Management, 8e
© 2006
© 2006 Prentice
Prentice Hall, Inc. Hall, Inc. S6 – 1
Outline
Statistical Process Control (SPC)
Control Charts for Variables
The Central Limit Theorem
Setting Mean Chart Limits (x-Charts)
Setting Range Chart Limits (R-Charts)
Using Mean and Range Charts
# # # # # # # # # #
Size
(weight, length, speed, etc.) Figure S6.2
Uniform
| | | | | | |
Process
distribution
of means
x=
(mean)
Figure S6.4
17 = UCL
Variation due to
16 = Mean natural causes
15 = LCL
Variation due
| | | | | | | | | | | |
to assignable
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Out of causes
Sample number control
UCLx = x + A2R
= 16.01 + (.577)(.25)
= 16.01 + .144
= 16.154 ounces
From
Table S6.1
= 16.01 - .144
= 15.866 ounces
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. S6 – 26
R – Chart
where
R = average range of the
samples
D3 and D4 = control chart factors
from Table S6.1
= (0)(5.3)
= 0 pounds
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. S6 – 29
Mean and Range Charts
(a)
These (Sampling mean is
sampling shifting upward but
distributions range is consistent)
result in the
charts below
UCL
(x-chart detects
x-chart shift in central
tendency)
LCL
UCL
(R-chart does not
R-chart detect change in
mean)
LCL
Figure S6.5
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. S6 – 30
Mean and Range Charts
(b)
These
(Sampling mean
sampling
is constant but
distributions
dispersion is
result in the
increasing)
charts below
UCL
(x-chart does not
x-chart detect the increase
in dispersion)
LCL
UCL
(R-chart detects
R-chart increase in
dispersion)
LCL
Figure S6.5
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. S6 – 31
Automated Control Charts