PHONETICS

By:
Mila Trikanti (19018154)
Wulan Sari Mardika (19018055)
Yesi April Dayani (19018056)
Phonetics I

1 The Production of Speech Sound

2 Consonants

3 Vowels
The study that studying the sounds is called phonetics.

Two basic approaches to phonetics:

1. The acoustic approach
Looks at the physical properties of the sound
Speech is a continuous flow of sound
No speaker ever produces two utterances that sound exactly the same

2. The articulatory approach

Looks at sound at terms of how they are produced or articulated
Looks at speech sounds as composed of segments
 The Production of Speech Sounds
Speech involves coordinated efforts from all parts of the vocal tract.
Here are the steps in producing sound:
1. The first step in producing sound is breath control. This is the basic exercise of
voice control. Breath control trains certain muscles involved in air expulsion.
2. Air comes out of the lungs through the trachea to the larynx (voicebox),
which holds the vocal cords.
3. This continues to the pharynx, where basic sound quality is formed.
4. Above the pharynx is the uvula, which is a movable flap that controls The
passage of air through the nasal cavity.
5. The Velum(softpalate) Is closed in speech, And are moved through the oral
cavity(The mouth).
 
The result of the producing sounds will make us recognize every sounds of language. Voice quality determines the unique characteristic
s of each speaker’s voice, so that’s why we can recognized other voices. Discuss about sound phonetic alphabet(new alphabet of soun
ds) is required. Phonetics alphabet describes sounds and symbols that represents only one sound.
 Consonants
Sounds produced with a constriction or occlusion in the oral cavity

According to how the sounds are produced: According to the place of articulation:

Stops Bilabial

Fricatives Labiodental

Affricatives Interdental

Nasals Alveolar

Liquids Palatal or Velar

Glides
Place 1. Bilabial

Of If the lips are pressed together

2. Labiodental
If the lower lip is pressed to the upper teeth
Articulati 3. Interdental
If the tip of tongue may be placed between the teeth
on 4. Alveolar
 The tip or Blades of the tongue may be placed against the
alveolar ridge.
5. Palatal or Velar
The midsection of the tongue may be pressed against the
hard pallate(palatal) or against the soft palate/velum (velar).
 STOPS
Are formed by entirely closing of the flow of air at some point in the mouth

•In the production of English stops, the mouth scaled off in three major ways:
 if the lips are pressed together to seal off the air and opened in a sharp burst, the bilabial sounds [b] and [p] are produced
 In the alveolar pairs of stops, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the alveolar ridge to produce [t] and [d]
 In the third pair of stops, the velars, the back of the tongue is pressed against the soft palate, or velum, to produce [k] and
[g]
• The differences between those three are the operation of the vocal cords
•When the vocal cords are almost closed and air from the lungs causes them to vibrate it will produced voiced sounds.
•When the vocal cords are open the voiceless sounds will produced. Many consonants appear in voiceless/voiced.
•Voicing is the result of the vibration in the lungs that force air through a slit
•Unaspirated is when word preceded by an s or followed by r or l, as in spin, tray, and clay, significanly less aspiration
accompanies the consonants.
•A different sort of stops is the glottal stop [?]. This sound is produced by closing off the flow of air at the glottis and suddenly
releasing the air
Fricatives