Cell Selection

Algorithm
(no BCCH Info)

measure all carriers

Fig. 1 Cell selection (no BCCH info stored) (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 9)
sort by received level

no low priority yes Camp on low

carriers in list
cell found priority cell
yes no
trial carrier: Selection of an
best level in list acceptable cell

no remove trial
BCCH
carrier from list
yes

decode BCCH

no cell
suitable cell no
in selected
PLMN
yes yes
try only carriers of
BCCH allocation

no suitable low priority try only normal priority

normal priority
cell found cells

yes
Camp on normal
priority cell
 Cell included in the
list of 6 strongest

C2
TEMPORARY_OFFSET CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
C1

PENALTY_TIME T

Fig. 2 Illustration of the C2 criterion (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 11)

 C1 Phase 1 MS direction of movement

BTS1 BTS2
high power class MS

low power class MS

BTS1 BTS2

CELL_RESELECT_ HYSTERESIS

(h) (l)
C1=0

Radius of Cell 2 (a) (b)

for selection Cell Reselection
(l) low power MS (a) no change of location area
(h) high power MS (b) change of location area

Fig. 3 Illustration of cell selection/reselection (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 13)

 RSCP of WCDMA
neighbor cell

RLA of serving GSM cell

FDD_Qoffset
Qsearch_I

RLA of (non serving) GSM

neighbor cell

5sec

Time

start WCDMA Cell Reselection

measurements (only if CPICH Ec/No
is greater or equal
FDD_Qmin)

Fig. 4 Principle of the GSM to UMTS cell reselection (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 23)
1.Intracell Handover
2.Intra-BSS Handover
3.Intra-MSC Handover
BSC 1a
4.Inter-MSC Handover
2

BSC 2 4
1 MSC 1

3
MSC 2

BSC 1b

Fig. 5 Types of handover (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 27)

DTX not applied: 100 slots not idle

DTX applied (silence periode): 12 slots not idle

idle slot speech burst SACCH burst Silence description burst

Fig. 6 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 33)

 average value = 27

Gliding Window

32 27 27 23 29 29 21

Measurement Values each

28 31 32 27 23 29 21 SACCH Multiframe (0.48 s)

RXLEV_SUB (weight 1) RXLEV_FULL (weight 2)

Fig. 7 Illustration of weighting and averaging of measurement values (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 35)
 Arrival of SACCH report containing a flag
indicating if the MS used DTX.
Time of arrival in task-context is uncertain.

burst of a SACCH report

(4 bursts make up on
SACCH)

n-1 n n+1

UL/DL reporting
period; length: 480 ms

'end of measurements'
detected in interrupt
context

Fig. 8 Save of detection time (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 36)

Evaluate HO
criterion
priority 1

HO N
detected
Evaluate HO
Y criterion
priority 2

HO N
detected

Fig. 9 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 41)

Evaluate HO
Y criterion
priority 3

HO N
detected
Until evaluation
of HO criterion 7
Y
Skip evaluation Y
of HO criterion
(slip_flag set)

Reset skip_flag
N

HO N
condition
fulfilled

Fig. 10 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 43)

Y

Set skip_flag

HO detected
 N
Max. power

Condition for N
Quality HO
fulfilled
Y

Skip Intracell HO N

Fig. 11 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 47)

(skip_flag set)
Y
Y RXLEV < N
L_RXLEV_IH
reset skip_flag
Y

Quality Intercell
HO detected
 Limit. of N
intracell HO rep:
penalization time
active
Y

set skip_flag

Skip Intracell HO Y
(skip_flag set)

Fig. 12 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 48)

N

Intracell HO N
condition fulfilled
Y

set skip_flag

Quality Intracell
HO detected
 BTS BSC

HO Cond Ind (B, C, D)

Cell A

Cell B Chan Activ in B (Cell A, HO-cause)

In case of PBGT-HO:
Cell A is not included
in TCL

Fig. 13 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 50)

 Handover
XX=UL : Uplink
Bit-Error-Rate (RXQual)

Inter-cell ha ndover Intra -cell ha ndover Inter-cell ha ndover

due to qua lity due to q ua lity due to q ua lity
(s kip fla g not evalua ted) (if s kip fla g=FALSE) (if s kip fla g=TRUE or
if INTRACH=FALSE)

L_RXQual_XX_H
HOLTHQUXX

Inter-cell ha ndover Inter-cell ha ndover

due to level due to power budget
/
Tra ffic Handover

XX=DL :
Downlink
HOLTHLVTXX HOTXXINT XX=UL : Uplink

L_RXLev_XX_H L_RXLev_XX_IH Level (RXLev)

Fig. 14 Regions of handover defined by quality and level thresholds (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 53)
 cell border
RXLEV_MIN

ideal power budget

BTS1

BTS3
BTS2
L_RXLEV_XX_H

Fig. 15 Cell borders defined by handover thresholds (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 57)
BTS

RXLEV_MIN (incoming HO)

L_RXLEV_XX_H (outgoing level HO)

receiver limit sensitivity

Fig. 16 Relation between handover level thresholds (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 57)
 Complete Area

Inner Area

Fig. 17 Cell configured as concentric (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 59)

 Directed Retry
Procedure

Is the incoming N
message an
Assignment_REQ ?
Y

BSC sends to BTS

Forced_HO_Request

BTS sends to BSC

Intercell_HO_Cond_Ind

Fig. 18 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 67)

with target cell list

Start
Suiteble cell N
Queueing
in list ?
Procedure
Y
BSC assigns TCH
internally and sends Y Cell within
Assignmend_Complete BSC area ?
to MSC N

EN_INTER_SDCCH_HO N
set to enable ?
Y

Y Directed Retry towards N

Assign TCH
MSC successful ?
 Parent Task

O_RLRL_TRAF_HO_EN_DIS Traffic_HO_Timer
received expired

HO cause N HO cause N
enabled enabled

Y decrement m
Y
by one

N Increment m
m=0 by one
N
m=0
Y
set m = 1 restart Y
start timer Traffic_HO_Timer
Traffic_HO_Timer

End

Fig. 19 Parent task in BTS to perform traffic HO (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 74)
 Traffic HO
Evaluation

Fig. 20 Dedicated task in BTS to perform traffic HO (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 75)
N
m>0

Traffic HO
N
condition fulfilled
for adj. cell

BTS sends to BSC End

Intercell_HO_Cond_Ind
with target cell list
Fig. 21 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 79)
 BTS BSC MSC

Handover yes
Detection
HO Cond Ind
- cause
- target cell list

no next cell
Handover available
Failure
yes

next cell yes

external
HO Required
- cause

Fig. 22 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 85)

no - (reduced) target cell list

HO cause = traffic
& cell load > TRFLTH
yes

no
select
channel

Channel yes channel

Activation available

no

try
next cell
 MS BTS BSC MSC BSS
serving serving target
Measurements
Measurements

HO Cond Ind
HO Required
T_HAND_REQ
HO Request
T7

Fig. 23 Non synchronized handover (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 86)

HO Request Ack
HO Command
HO Command
HO Command
T8

HO Cond Ind HO Required

HO Access

HO Access

HO Detect
T3124
Physical Info

HO Complete T3105 NY1

Physical Info

HO Failure
HO Complete
Clear Command
Channel Release
Channel Release

messages for successful handover, e.g. HO Required

messages at timer expiry, e.g. HO Failure

 BTS BSC

HO Cond Ind (B, C, D)

Cell A
HO Failure (cell B)
HO Cond Ind (B, C, D)
HO Failure (cell B)

HO Failure Ind (B) after MAXFAILHO

Cell B is not
consecutive HO
included in TCL
failures on the
for a defined
same adjacent cells
period time
HO Cond Ind (C, D)

Fig. 24 (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 91)

BTS BSC

TRFCT
Check, whether or not traffic load > HRACTT1
If TRUE, AMR compression HO is started in that cell:

SET ATTRIBUTE: "AMR COMPRESSION HO ENABLED"

TRFCT

Check, whether or not traffic load > HRACTT1

If TRUE, AMR compression HO is started in that cell:

SET ATTRIBUTE: "AMR COMPRESSION HO ENABLED"

...
Fig. 25 AMR traffic control (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 93)
 (Source) GSM Cell (Target) UMTS Cell

Um Uu

Mobile (MS/UE)
BTS NodeB
(Circuit Switched) Voice & Data
Abis Iub

BSC 2G-3G-MSC RNC

(Visited)

Fig. 26 HO from GERAN to UTRAN (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 97)

UE/MS UE
BSS-A 3G_MSC RNS
Handover-Required
Iu-Relocation-Request
Iu-Relocation-Request-Ack
Handover-Command
RI-HO-Command

Iu-Relocation-Detect
RRC-HO-Complete
Iu-Relocation-Complete
Clear-Command

Clear-Complete

Fig. 27 The message flow of a GSM to UMTS handover (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 119)
 Settings for
HAND object Service groups activated
in the BSC area

General settings for

BSC area for all SGs that
are not activated HAND parameters for SG1:

HAND parameters: • HOLTHLVDL

• HOLTHQUDL
• INTERCH • …
• INTRACH
• HOLTHLVDL
• HOLTHQUDL
•… HAND parameters for SG14:
• SG1PCPAR
• SG2PCPAR • HOLTHLVDL
•… • HOLTHQUDL
• SG14PCPAR • …

Fig. 28 Principle of service dependent handover management (MN1789EU10MN_0002 Design of radio cells, 127)