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 ABSTRACT
In this paper the effect of addition of Micro silica and replacement cement by
Micro silica in different percentages on the properties of workability and strength
characteristics of waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete. The strength characteristics
viz., compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and
workability characteristics are found for waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete, when
Micro silica was added and replaced by cement in different percentages viz, 0%, 4%,
8% and 12% respectively by weight of cement. Waste plastic fibres having an aspect
ratio 50 (thickness = 1mm, length = 50mm and breadth = 5mm) were added at the rate
of 0.5% (by volume fraction). The results show that upto 10% of Micro silica can be
added and 8% of Micro silica can be replaced by weight of cement into waste plastic
fibre reinforced concrete, without adversely affecting the compressive strength and
with advantage in other strength properties.
 INTRODUCTION

Apart from this waste generation has increased considerably and find no way for

disposal. In order to overcome this, industrial and agro- waste materials can be used as

alternate building materials. In this present study I made an attempt by utilizing

industrial waste such as silica fume (micro silica) as suitable substitutes in concrete.

The field of concrete technology is advancing at a faster rate. Many inventions in the

field of concrete technology have expanded the horizon of the construction industry.

These new inventions facilitate to produce the requisite concrete of required nature and

property. Many wastes, which are producing environmental pollution, are also finding

an effective place in the preparation of concrete. Thus, by using these wastes, which

are causing environmental pollution one, can, produce concrete that is having the

desirable properties. One such waste, which is causing the environmental pollution, is

the plastic.
 Silica fume, also known as micro silica, is an amorphous (non-crystalline)

polymorph of silicon dioxide, silica. It is an ultrafine powder collected as a

by- product of the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production and consists of

spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 150 nm. The main field

of application is as pozzolanic material for high performance concrete.

Increased cohesiveness of the fresh concrete, which can lead to improved

handling characteristics. Curing, can start earlier as there is no need to wait for

bleed water to dissipate. (Bleeding is a form of segregation where the solid

components of the concrete settle downwards, leaving water on the top

surface. It continues until the cement paste has stiffened enough to end the

settling process)High early strength (in excess of 25 N/mm2 at 24 hours).

 ADVANTAGES OF USING SILICA
FUME
High early compressive strength

High tensile flexural strength and modulus of elasticity

Very low permeability to chloride and water intrusion

Enhanced durability

Increased toughness

Increased abrasion resistance on decks, floors, overlays and marine structures

Superior resistance to chemical attack from chlorides, acids, nitrates and sulfates and life-

cycle cost efficiencies

Higher bond strength

High electrical resistivity and low permeability

 OBJECTIVE

In order to fulfill this study, the following objectives are made.

 To study the performance of cement concrete replacing the cement
using micro silica.
 To find the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete.

 To study the properties of concrete.

 To study the cost effective of concrete
 LITERATURE REVIEW
S.NO NAME CONCEPT

1 PING DUAN et.al

study on “Compressive strength and microstructure of fly ash based
geopolymer blended with silica fume under thermal cycle”. This paper states
that silica fume plays an important role in the compressive strength even
though it increases only by 6.7% when 10% silica fume is added compared
to reference sample. It can be observed that geopolymer SF30 containing
30% silica fume coupled with 70% fly ash exhibits the highest compressive
strength. The enhancement in compressive strength of SF30 over that of
Reference is 44.1%.
2 A.RANJANI et al.
“Study on effect of micro silica and nano silica in polyester fibre reinforced
concrete”. This study is mainly concentrated on the mechanical
characteristics of FRC with partial replacement of cement by micro silica
(2%, 4%, 6%, 8 % and 10%) and nano silica (0.5%, 1.5%, 1%, 2 %, and
2.5%).The concrete specimen incorporated with 8% micro silica was found
to be good in compression which has compressive strength of 8% more than
that of conventional concrete after 28-days curing period.
S.NO NAME CONCEPT

3 SABER FALLAH et al
“Mechanical properties and durability of high-strength concrete
containing macro-polymeric and polypropylene fibers with nano-silica
and silica fume” Nano-silica and silica fume with the weight
percentages of 2and 12%, respectively, exhibit the strongest influence
on the compressive strength of high-strength concrete with the
associated improvements of 14.0 and 41.1%, respectively. Furthermore,
using 3% nano-silica and 10% silica fume with an increase of 16.1 and
28.4%, respectively, demonstrates the highest improvement in the
tensile strength.

4 P.JANANI et al.
“Mechanical Properties of Nano Silica Concrete” In this project three
different concrete mixes have been compared to find the Strength
properties of nano silica concrete. In this, the compressive strength of
using 23% replacement of nano silica to cement increases 32.69%
compared to conventional mix, the tensile strength of using 23%
replacement of nano silica to cement increases 24.6% compared to
conventional mix, and the flexural strength of using 23% replacement
of nano silica to cement increases 22% compared to conventional mix.
METHODOLOGY
 MATERIAL USED
 cement .
 Fine aggregate.
 Coarse aggregate.
 Silica fume & Waste plastic fibres.
 Water.
 CEMENT
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has classified OPC in three different grades

The classification is mainly based on the compressive strength of cement- sand mortar

cubes of face area 50 cm2 composed of 1 part of cement and 3 parts ofstandard sand by

weight with a water-cement ratio arrived at by a specified procedure. The grades are (i)

33 grade (ii) 43grade (iii) 53 grade. The grade number indicates the minimum

compressive strength of cement sand mortar in N/mm2 at 28days, as tested by above

mentioned procedure.In this project, 53 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement is used.

S.NO PROPERTIES VALUES
.
1 Normal consistency 31 mm

2 Initial setting time 120 min

3 Final setting time 300 min

4 Fineness test 7%

5 Specific gravity 3.15

 FINE AGGREGATE
Aggregate which passed through 4.75mm IS Sieve and retained on 75micron (0.075mm) IS
Sieve is termed as fine aggregate. Fine aggregate is added to concrete to assist workability and to
bring uniformity in mixture. Usually, the natural river sand is used as fine aggregate. Ordinary
river sand conforming IS 383-1970 is used in this project.

S.NO. PROPERTIES VALUE

1 Specific Gravity 2.3
2 Water absorption 1.65%
3 Fineness modulus 2.5
 COARSE AGGREGATE
The coarse aggregate for the works should be river gravel or crushed stone. The
aggregate which passed through 75mm sieve and retain on 4.75mm are known as
coarse aggregate. It should be hard, strong, dense, durable, clean, and free from clay or
loamy admixtures or quarry refuse or vegetable matter. The pieces of aggregates should
be cubical, or rounded shaped and should have granular or crystalline or smooth (but
not glossy) non-powdery surfaces. Aggregates should be properly screened and if
necessary washed clean before use. Coarse aggregates containing flat, elongated or
flaky pieces or mica should be rejected. The grading of coarse aggregates should be as
per specifications of IS 383-1970. In this project, 20mm size of angular shaped coarse
aggregate is used.
S.NO. PROPERTIES VALUE
1 Specific Gravity 2.78
2 Water absorption 1.40%
3 Bulk density 1490 kg/m3
 SILICA FUME
Micro silica or silica fume is the most commonly used mineral admixture
in high strength concrete. It has become the chosen favorites for high strength
concrete and is a good pozzolanic material. It can be used in a big way, adding
to the concrete mix dramatically enhance the workability, strength &
impermeability of concrete mixes while making the concrete durable to
chemical attacks, abrasion & reinforcement corrosion, increasing the
compressive strength.
 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PARTICLE ANALYSIS SIZE

Sio2 87.89 100 100

Al2o3 4.31 50 99.6
So3 0.13 20 97.9
Fe2o3 0.59 10 94.5
MnO 0.03 5 84.6
Tio2 1.16 2 55.6
CaO 0.32 1 35
K2O 0.49 0.4 12.2
P2 o 2 0.05    
MgO < 0.02
Na2o 0.14
LOI 5.01
 WASTE PLASTIC FIBRES
The waste plastic fibres were obtained by cutting waste plastic pots,
buckets, cans, drums and utensils. The waste plastic fibres obtained were all
recycled plastics. The fibres were cut from steel wire cutter and it is labour
oriented. The thickness of waste plastic fibres was 1mm and its breadth was
kept 5mm and these fibres were straight. The 0.5% volume fraction of fibres
and aspect ratio 50 were selected and used in this investigation. Physical
properties of these fibres are given in Table

SIZE OF PERCENTAGE TENSILE MODULUS WATER SPECIFIC

SPECIMEN OF STRENGTH ELASTICITY ABSORPTION GRAVITY
LXBXT ELONGATION (MPA) (MPA)  
IN MM  

150×25×1 15.56 15.52 113.90 Nil 1.28

 MIX DESIGN

The objective of proportioning concrete is to arrive mix ratio at the most

economical and practical combinations in different ingredients to produce
concrete that will satisfy the performance requirements under specified
conditions of use. This chapter describes the mix design for M20 grade
concrete using IS10262:2009.
 TEST DATA FOR MATERIALS

Specific gravity of
 Cement 3.15
 Fine Aggregate 2.3
 Course Aggregate 2.78
 Volume of air entrapped 2%
Sieve Analysis
 Fine Aggregate Conforming to grading zone II
 TARGET STRENGTH FOR MIX
PROPORTIONING
f’ck = fck+ 1.65 s

where,

f’ck= target average compressive strength at 28 days

fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days = 20 N/mm2

s = standard deviation = 4 N/mm2 (from Table 1, IS 10262 : 2009)

t = statistical value dependent on expected results

According to IS:456-2000 and IS 1343-1980, the characteristic strength is defined as that

value below which not more than 5 percent results are expected to fall, in which case the
above equation reduces to

Therefore, target strength = 20 + (1.65x4) = 26.6 N/mm2

 
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

Specimen w/c Percentage of Percentage of Amount of Compressive

  ratio waste plastic silica fume super strength(N/mm2)
  fibre added added plasticizer  
  Used 7 days 28 days

1     0% 0.2% 28.44 34.23

2     4% 0.4% 31.23 37.54
3 0.5 0.5% 8% 0.8% 38.66 44.13
4 12% 1.0% 36.44 41.27
 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

Specimen w/c Percentage Percentage Amount of Tensile

  ratio of waste of silica fume super strength(N/mm2)
  plastic fibre added plasticizer  
added   Used 7 days 28 days

1     0% 0.2% 3.81 4.23

2     4% 0.4% 4.19 5.2
3 0.5 0.5% 8% 0.8% 4.71 6.13
4 12% 1.0% 3.77 4.82
 CONCLUSION

Test results obtained in this study indicate that up to 8% micro silica, could be
advantageously blended with cement without adversely affecting the strength. However, optimum
level of this material is 3~8% of micro silica in concrete mixes. Based on experimental results,
following conclusion are drawn. It was found that the maximum compressive strength achieved is
44.13% N/mm2 at 8% of silica fume replacement combination. So this strength is greater than the
control mix and those achieved for concrete mix name of CM, M1, M2 and M3 is 34.23
N/mm2,37.54 N/mm2,44.13 N/mm2 and 41.27 N/mm2 respectively as compare to strength of
plain cement concrete for 28 days .The optimum split tension strength was obtained at 8% of
silica fume in the replacement of cement as 6.13 N/mm2 which is much greater than the control
mix and those achieved for concrete mix name as CM, M1, M2 and M3 is 4.23 N/mm2, 5.2
N/mm2, 6.13 N/mm2 and 4.82 N/mm2 respectively as compare to strength of plain cement
concrete for 28 days.The excess addition of silica fume reduces workability. However, in some
cases it improves the workability. Silica fume inclusion increases the compressive strength of
concrete significantly. The increase depends upon the replacement level.
 REFERENCES
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Thanking you