B.

E Degree End Semester Practical

Examination
16AE8901 – Project Work Viva Voce

DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF LINEAR AEROSPIKE NOZZLE WITH BASE BLEED

Team Members :
Guide Name
NAVEEN RAJ N (17101065) :Mr.S.SIVARAMAN
VINOTH KANNAN M (17101108)
Faculty Name (AP/AERO)
NIRANJAN M (17101801)
SRINATH Y (17101803)
Date:23/03/2021 1
 Objective
 The primary nozzle contour is approximated by two circular arcs and a parabola;
the plug contour is approximated by a parabola and a third-order polynomial. The
maximum total impulse from sea level to design altitude is adopted as objective to
optimize the aerospike nozzle contour.
 The purpose of any engine bell is to direct the exhaust of a rocket engine in one
direction, generating thrust in the opposite direction.
 Rocket propulsion
 Aerospike nozzle
 Contour
 Experiment
 Performance

2
 Problem Identification
 There is two main issues that plagues aerospike is WEIGHT & HEAT

 Heat perhaps the biggest issue and it contributes to less than ideal performance
and Additional weight

 The spike is long and heavy which makes its begin difficults to cool the tip of spike
to stop it from melting

 Poor performance in mach 1 – 3

 The aerospike dosen’t work so well due to decreased around the rocket

3
INTRODUCTION
Aerospike nozzles are investigated in this paper for two reasons.
The first is to demonstrate that the code developed is robust and the
techniques used are applicable for designing different types of
supersonic nozzles. The aerospike nozzle is considered to have
better overall performance compared to the conventional bell nozzle
since expansion of the jet is not bounded by a wall and the exhaust
flow can adjust itself to the environment by changing the jet
boundary. In addition, the nozzle performance is considered not to
be influenced by the cutting off the nozzle because the base pressure
compensates the loss of thrust force. The base pressure can also be
increased by injecting a secondary flow at the base which may be
tapped off the exhaust flow and injected at the
base.COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS CFD is a science
of predicting fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, chemical reaction
and related performance by solving the set of governing
mathematical equations of fluid dynamics the continuity, momentum
and energy equations.
JUSTIFICATION FOR CARRYING OUT THE
PROJECT
Given a fixed vehicle base area, an aerospike nozzle can present higher area
expansion ratio than a bell nozzle, providing better performance in a space
environment or near vacuum environment like Mars. Geometry creation is the
initial preparation in the preprocessing step of the CFD analysis. CFD analysis
basically needs geometry to be analyzed, which in general created using GAMBIT
software or some CAD software’s like CATIA. The method used to develop the
contour in this thesis study is based on the approximate method outlined by [32].
The approximate design method uses the method of characteristics and
characteristic lines to define the contour shape of the nozzle. It is important to note
that the method of characteristics uses the inviscid assumption in formulating the
governing equations. A detailed explanation of the development of the
characteristic lines and the method of characteristics is presented in Appendix B. A
sonic flow at the throat of the nozzle is assumed; this sonic flow is expanded using
a centered expansion wave originating at the lip of the plug nozzle. With
reference , the angle the sonic flow direction makes with the axisymmetric line at
the start of the external expansion of the nozzle equals the Prandtl-Meyer
expansion angle of the centered wave at nozzle lip. The straight, constant-property
characteristic line is inclined at an angle of α with respect to the direction of the
flow (the geometric x-axis). 5
 LITERATURE SURVEY

 Redesigning and Analysis of Aerospike Nozzle by Spike Length Optimization

,Aravitnh(2015).
 Studies on Aerodynamic Behavior and Performance of Aerospike Nozzles(2016).

 Stephen A W, Timothy R. M. A base drag reduction experiment on the X-33 linear

aerospike SR-71 experiment (LASRE) flight program[R]. AIAA 97–0277, 1999.
 Onofri M. Plug nozzles summery of flow features and engine performance[R]. AIAA
2002–0584, 2002.
 CH Wang, Y Liu, YF Liao Investigation on aerospike nozzle base behaviour [J]
Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica.
 MD Song, HX Zhang, JH LiuNumerical study on plug nozzle flow field [J]
Journal of Propulsion Technolog

6
 EXISTING METHOD

 In an ideal nozzle, the exit flow is completely parallel to the nozzle axis

and possesses uniform pressure and Mach number. By calculating the
momentum of the actual nozzle exit flow and comparing it to the
parallel, uniform flow condition, the geometric efficiency is determined.
Aerospike Nozzle Contour Design .
  Aerospike nozzles allow higher expansion ratio than conventional
nozzle for a given .
 Plug exit expands to ambient at higher than nominal Mach.
  A simplified design and optimization method of aerospike
nozzle contour.
 Total c combustion chamber e primary nozzle exit ep plug exit p plug t
throat .

7
 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

AeroSpike program nozzle flow field results compared to Base Flow CFD

analyses .

8
COMPARISON TECHNICAL PARAMETERS TAKEN
FLAT AND CURED BASS BLEED SURFACE

9
 METHODOLOGY

• LITERATURE SURVEY
• DESIGN PRAMETERS
• DESIGN BY SOLID WORKS
• COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS - ANSYS
FLUENT
• RESULT & DISCUSSION

10
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 The conical nozzle test results are as expected, with the low expansion ratio
nozzle exhibiting superior performance at low altitude, and the higher expansion
ratio nozzle exhibiting better performance under vacuum conditions. However, for
both ambient and vacuum data plots the motor with the aerospike nozzle exhibits
the highest relative specific impulse level. This positive result comes in spite of
the lowered c* performance of the aerospike nozzle due to the lower O/F ratio of
the longer motor used for the aerospike testsk. Between each aerospike burn, some
attempt was made to clean the nozzle annulus of deposited soot; however, the
backed-on material was quite solid and difficult to remove.
The deposited burn material had a significant, unpredictable effect on the total
annular throat area, and the higher scatter exhibited by the aerospike data in
Figure 25 is likely due to soot deposits building up in the small nozzle throat. In
spite of this shortcoming, the altitude compensating properties of the aerospike
nozzle are well demonstrated by these data plots. Results indicate an average
increase in Isp of around 10-15 seconds is possible by switching from a bell nozzle
to a similarly designed aerospike nozzle, which could potentially translate to
significant fuel weight and volume savings.

11
 CONCLUSION
The results clearly indicate that the aerospike nozzle is capable of generating as
much as 5% more thrust in over-expansion conditions. This amount of excess thrust
is particularly valuable for a launch vehicle, where it can contribute to a remarkable
advantage in the vehicle’s mass performance. As the base pressure thrust
compensates the loss of thrust in under-expansion conditions, plug truncation has
minor effect on the loss of thrust in these conditions. But in over-expansion
conditions, thrust loss will increase with the increase of truncation.
Base pressure thrust is closely related to variation of base pressure with
atmospheric pressure.
Base pressure is constant in under-expansion conditions, but increases with the
increase of the atmospheric pressure in over-expansion conditions. Adding curvature
to the base of a truncated plug does not influence its thrust, but significantly improves
local temperature distribution at the base of the plug.

12
 REFERENCES

 ACFD nalysis of a Linear Aerospike Engine with Film-cooling International journal of

aerospike nozzle 2019 Designing of film cooling.
 Design and aproach of linear aerospike nozzle International journal of aerospike nozzle 2014
Design of aerospike nozzle.
 The plume physics behind aerospike nozzle altitude compensation and slipstream effect
 International journal of aerospike nozzle 2012 Understand plume physics behind aerospike
nozzle .
 Efficiency Analysis of an Aerospike Nozzle Internation journal of aerospike nozzle 2012
 Efficiency analysis of aerospike.
Design and Numerical Analysis of Aerospike Nozzle with Different Plug Shapes to Compare
their Performance with a Conventional Nozzle
 Internationa journal of aerospike nozzle 2009 Design & analysis different plug shapes

13
THANK YOU

14