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Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
INTRODUCTION
• A torque converter is considered to be part of the
transmission.
• It should be serviced or replaced when a transmission is
overhauled.
• A torque converter is always replaced with a new or rebuilt
unit if it has an internal failure.
– Most shops do not rebuild torque converters.
– There are companies that specialize in torque converter overhaul.
• A torque converter does not usually wear out and require
replacement.
• Many shops flush and check the torque converter during
every transmission overhaul.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
INTRODUCTION
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
• Visual Checks
– The first checks performed
are visual.
– A technician often performs a
visual inspection as the
torque converter is removed
from the transmission.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
FIGURE 19-3 A bad starter ring gear can be changed by cutting the
welds using a hack saw or grinder and driving the old gear off. The
new gear must be secured by welding following the procedure
recommended by the manufacturer.(Courtesy of Chrysler
Corporation)
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
• Stator One-Way Clutch
Check
– There are several ways to
check a stator one-way
clutch.
– The stator clutch must lock in
one direction and slip or
freewheel in the other.
– To check a one-way clutch,
you should:
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TECH TIP
• Grip the stator splines using
long, thin, flat-jaw snap-ring
pliers in order to rotate the
stator.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
• End-Play Check
– Thrust washers at the stator
and turbine control internal
end play.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TECH TIP
• Turbine or stator clutch end
play can be checked by
gripping the splines with a
pair of snap-ring pliers or
your fingers.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
• Leak Checks
– A torque converter can leak
at the welds, fittings, or plugs.
– Leaking fluid will show up at
the bottom of the torque
converter housing and can be
mistaken for a front seal leak.
– The difference is the location
of wetness on the torque
converter.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CHECKS
• To check a torque
converter for leaks, you
should:
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TECH TIP
• Very small pinhole leaks
can be sealed by peening
the hole closed.
• This is done using a punch
and hammer and striking
the area immediately
around the hole.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CLEANING
• Torque converters are very difficult to clean because of their
internal shape.
• Most shops use rebuilt torque converters to ensure a
completely clean unit without any concerns of internal wear
or damage.
• A torque converter cleaner is an effective but expensive
piece of equipment.
– It pumps cleaning solvent under pressure through the torque
converter in a reverse direction, and at the same time, the device
rotates the turbine in order to create a fluid flow that loosens the
debris so it can be flushed out.
• The cleaning operation usually runs until the solvent leaving
the torque converter runs clear, about 5 to 15 minutes.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CLEANING
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TECH TIP
• When drilling a torque
converter, it is important not
to drill into any of the
internal components.
• Drill only deep enough to
penetrate the cover and
preferably, into the impeller
area
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER CLEANING
FIGURE 19-16 This cooler line flusher pumps FIGURE 19-17 A cooler flusher is connected to
heated flushing solution through the cooler lines the cooler lines so a cleaning agent can be forced
and cooler. A flow meter is used to ensure that in the reverse direction through the cooler unit
the cooler is flowing properly and not plugged. until it is clean.
(Courtesy of G-Tec)
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TECH TIP
• Flush kits consisting of an
aerosol can of flushing
solution with adapters to
connect to the cooler are
available.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
• A torque converter is rebuilt by cutting it open,
cleaning and inspecting the parts, replacing any
worn or damaged parts, and welding it back
together.
• Expensive specialized equipment is required to
rebuild a torque converter.
• The equipment operator should have some
machining and metalworking skills.
• These requirements limit torque converter rebuilding
to companies that specialize in torque converter
rebuilding or the larger transmission shops.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
• Rebuilding a torque converter consists of the following
operations:
– Inspect the exterior for damage.
– Cut the torque converter open on a specially equipped lathe.
– Inspect the interior components for wear or damage.
– Thoroughly clean the interior parts.
– Disassemble and inspect the stator one-way clutch.
– Replace all worn or damaged parts.
– Prelubricate the internal bearing surfaces.
– Adjust the internal end play.
– Carefully reassemble and weld the two sections together.
– Leak check all welds.
– Balance the assembly.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
• Disassembling a Torque
Converter
– Since a torque converter is
welded together, the weld
must be cut to open the
torque converter.
– The torque converter is
mounted in a metal-cutting
lathe for the cutting operation.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
FIGURE 19-20 To rebuild a converter, first cut it open on a machine lathe (a). A carbide tool is used to cut
the weld so the converter can be split apart (b).
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
• Cleaning
– A hot spray washer is used to
clean the disassembled
torque converter parts.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
• Subassembly Repair
– With the torque converter disassembled, the following items are
checked and repaired as necessary:
• Torque converter hub: removed and replaced
• Starter ring gear: removed and replaced
• Crankshaft pilot: welded to build up material and machined back to original size
• Drive lugs/studs: removed and replaced
• Turbine drive hub: removed and replaced
• Thrust washers: removed, lubricated, and replaced or upgraded to Torrington
bearings
• Support bushings: removed and replaced
• Impeller fins: spot welded to lock in place
• Stator clutch: disassembled, inspected, lubricated, and reassembled
• Stator clutch outer race: pinned to lock into the stator
• Clutch lining: relined
• Damper springs or assemblies: removed and replaced
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
FIGURE 19-25 This converter is assembled, and the two housings are tack welded together (a).
Checks made at this time ensure that the hub is centered and true with the front of the
converter (b).
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
• Post-assembly Checks
– After the torque converter has
been welded back together, it
is pressure checked for no
leaks
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
TORQUE CONVERTER REBUILDING
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
SUMMARY
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Torque converters should be checked for:
a. _________
b. _________
c. _________
d. _________
e. _________
f. _________
2. The six areas of a torque converter that are visually
checked are:
a. Housing for _________
b. Drive lugs or _________ for damage
c. Pilot for damage or _________
d. Hub for signs of seal or _________ wear
e. _________ drive tangs or lugs for wear or damage
f. Starter _________ gear for wear or damage
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. If the stator one-way clutch can be easily turned in both
directions, it is said to be _________.
4. A customer concern about poor fuel economy or higher-
than normal engine speed could be the result of a
_________ stator clutch.
5. As a rule of thumb, the torque converter should have no
more than _________ end play.
6. A check for a leaking torque converter is to _________ it
and spray it with soapy water.
7. Transmission coolers are flushed out by forcing _________
through the cooler in a reverse direction.
8. Torque converters are welded together and must be
_________ to be rebuilt.
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
CHAPTER QUIZ
Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles, Fourth Edition © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Inc.
By Tom Birch and Chuck Rockwood Pearson Prentice Hall - Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458