TEACHING IN THE 21ST CENTURY

USING TECHNOLOGY IN THE

CONTEXT OF
TEACHING & LEARNING IN THE
DIGITAL AGE

PREPARED BY:

BEED III BLOCK 6

Myla Valladolid
Michael Venus
Carla Mae L. Valdez
Joan Marie Borromeo
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?
The word “technology” comes from the
Greek word techne which means craft or
art. Based on the etymology of the word
“technology”, the term educational
technology, therefore, refers to the art or
craft of responding to our educational
needs.

Joan Marie Borromeo

• Technology as the use of gadgets, tools or
equipment to perform a task expediently
• Technology as the collection of tools, including
machinery, modifications, arrangements and
procedures
• Technology as the selection, development,
managing and use of appropriate technological
processes and resources
• Technology as the choice of appropriate principles
in the preparation and utilization of conventional
and non-conventional technology tools as well as
traditional and alternative teaching strategies.
• Technology in the classroom is any tool a teacher
uses to convey the lesson or interact with students.
• Technology is science or knowledge put into
practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools.
• Technology is the application of scientific
knowledge to the practical aims of human life.
• Technology has evolved and shaped our workplaces
in many ways, through the adoption of tools like the
internet and email for communications, word
processing, spreadsheets and presentations for office
productivity.
Technology is becoming an integral part of any modern
classroom. As a teacher, it is important that you can
recognize and understand the usefulness of various
types of technology you might find in your
classroom. The 4Cs—critical thinking,
communication, collaboration, and creativity—are
the basic skills all students need in the 21st century
(National Education Association, 2014).
4 C’s
Additionally, technology is constantly emerging
around us, and expected to be part of every
student's learning experience. This discussion
provides practical suggestions and ideas to
leverage the use of technology to guide students
toward thinking critically about what they are
learning, building interpersonal communication
skills, working more effectively with teams, and
creating and innovating new ideas, concepts, and
products.
The following are the most profound ways through which
technology has impacted education in the current world.

• Increasing accessibility
• Modernized resources
• Changing of Roles
• Increased Flexibility
• Expanded opportunities
• Special Needs
 ANALYZE AND CRITIQUE THE
KEY ELEMENTS THAT
CONSTITUTE THE
PEDAGOGICAL FRAMEWORK IN
UNDERSTANDING
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY?

EdTech (an abbreviation for educational technology) combines

innovative learning techniques with digital technology. It
really does represent a new era of education.
You can look at EdTech from three different perspectives.
A set of tools providing digital alternatives to delivering
education to students.
An academic discipline – studying, learning and
teaching methods and how to utilize them in a digital
form.
An industry consisting of educators, start-ups and
companies who develop educational technology tools.
Myla Valladolid
WHAT IS PEDAGOGY?
 WHAT IS PEDAGOGY?
According to Merriam-Webster, pedagogy is the “art,
science, or profession of teaching; especially:
education.” This definition covers many aspects of
teaching, but pedagogy really comes down to
studying teaching methods. There are many moving
parts to pedagogy that include teaching styles,
feedback, and assessment. While each teacher has a
different pedagogical approach to learning in their
classroom, they should consider the most effective
means of content delivery based on student needs.
The word comes from the Greek word “paidagõgeo”;
in which pais or paidos means “child” and agõ
means “lead”, so it literally means “to lead the
child”.
Pedagogy is the holistic science education. It may be
implemented in practice as personal and holistic
approach of socializing and upbringing children and
young people.
 Pedagogy in Teaching
Pedagogy in education can either be teacher-centered
or learner-centered with a low-tech or high-tech
approach. Teacher-centered learning focuses on the
teacher giving lectures and sharing content through
direct instruction. It fixates on the knowledge the
teacher has and imparting that knowledge to students.
Teacher-centered assessments are cut and dry meant
for students to show they know the knowledge that
has been shared with them at the end of a unit.
Student centered learning directs the student to be an
active participant in their own learning process.
While the teacher still delivers content, they take on
more of a coaching or mentoring role to help students
learn. Student-centered assessments are given more
frequently to assess knowledge and tend to be more
objective.
 Pedagogy in Education
Pedagogy in education concentrates on the different
learning styles of students. Every teacher knows that no
two students are exactly the same, and so finding out
how students learn helps the teacher create lessons that
help each student learn in the way they learn best. There
are several different theories as to how students learn.
The first is Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences,
which was developed by Howard Gardner in 1983. It
states that there are 8 ways in which people learn. The
list includes the following learning styles.
Learning Styles:
• Visual-Spatial: These people are good at puzzles, maps, and
directions.
• Linguistic-Verbal: They are good with words, both spoken and
written.
• Interpersonal: This type of learner is very intuitive and is good at
relationships.
• Intrapersonal: This learner is very reflective and self-evaluative.
• Logical-Mathematical: This type of learner is good with numbers
and problem solving.
• Musical: This learner has a knack for rhythm and music
• Bodily-Kinesthetic: This learner is very hands-on and has great
hand-eye coordination
• Naturalistic: This learner is in tune with nature and their
environment.
Carla Mae L. Valdez
Approaches to Teaching Through Pedagogy
There are 5 different pedagogical approaches to
teaching. Each one is slightly different, and each
teacher needs to decide which approach works best
for them. Sometimes, a combination of these
approaches can be used as well.
Constructivist
Collaborative
Inquiry-Based
Integrative
Reflective
• Constructivist: Learners are actively involved in the
learning process. They create meaning and knowledge of
learning material. Learners do not just passively ingest the
material.
• Collaborative: Multiple learners work together to learn
material. Small group instruction is based in this concept
where different students contribute and help each other
learn.
• Inquiry-Based: This pedagogical approach is problem-
based. Students are presented with real world problems
and have the opportunity to solve them. They ask
questions and research further while learning concepts and
materials that they may not even realize they are learning.
Project based learning fits in this category.
• Integrative: The integrative approach involves multiple
academic disciplines. Common language is used cross-
curricular so students know what teachers are talking
about as well as expectations. This is especially
important for reading and writing skills. Based on
common language, students can write in non-English
classes more proficiently. It also shows students that
material learned in one class is beneficial outside those
classroom walls.
• Reflective: This approach is more for the teacher than
the student. The teacher reflects upon lessons, projects,
and assessments to see how they can be improved in the
future.
Pedagogical Strategies
• Discussion allows students to process not only their own thought
process but also evaluate others’ opinions. Collaboration or
cooperative learning benefits students in this aspect where they
can learn to respect others’ ideas.
• Technology gives students access to any number of resources
from across the globe. They can talk to people from different
cultures and explore places they could not visit in person.
• Use differentiation and small group instruction to meet more
individual needs of your students. Stations, centers, and
literature circles are great tools to accomplish this idea.
• Technologies that can be utilized in the process of teaching and
learning. For example, teachers use PowerPoint presentations to
deliver effective instruction, and students use the Internet to
conduct independent research. Those technologies in the
aforementioned uses are pedagogical technologies.
The SAMR framework serves as a support for teachers
and administrators as they examine their use of
technology (Puentedura, 2009).

Michael Venus
Regardless of the SAMR level, the use of technology should be
purposeful and enhance learning. Do not use technology
because it is there. No matter how innovative technology
may be, if it is not positively influencing learning goals, then
it should not be used (Johnson, 2013). We mention many
different tools and apps within our examples of technology
integration, but the tool or app is not what determines the
level of function; it is how this tool or app is used (Green,
2014). If someone chooses not to use the features of a
particular app or tool, then the level of integration would
remain at a basic level (Green, 2014). For this reason, many
of our suggestions can be used with a variety of tools and at a
variety of SAMR levels.