Chemical Reactions and

Chemical Equations

Prepared by:
Ariza D. Capucao, R.Ph., MAEd.
Objectives
• Write and balance chemical
equations
• Derive pertinent information from
a balanced chemical equation
• Determine whether a chemical
reaction has occurred or not
• Classify chemical reactions.
What do they have in common?
• Rusty iron nail
• Change in color of leaves
• Bleached hair
 Describing a Chemical Reaction
Indications of a Chemical Reaction

– Evolution of heat, light, and/or sound

– Production of a gas

– Formation of a precipitate

– Color change
 Writing and Balancing a
Chemical Equation
• Substance (or substances) → one or more
new substances
• Reactions follow the law of conservation
of mass.
• No atoms are created or destroyed; they
are just rearranged
• Chemical reactions are represented
through chemical equations
Additional Symbols Used in Chemical Equations

“Yields”; indicates result of reaction

Used to indicate a reversible reaction

A reactant or product in the solid state;

also used to indicate a precipitate
(s)
Alternative to (s), but used only to indicate a precipitate

A reactant or product in the liquid state

(l) A reactant or product in an aqueous solution

(dissolved in water)

(aq)A reactant or product in the gaseous state

(g)
 Additional Symbols Used in Chemical Equations

Alternative to (g), but used only to indicate a gaseous product

 Reactants are heated

2 atm Pressure at which reaction is carried out, in this case 2 atm

Pressure at which reaction is carried out exceeds normal

pressure
atmospheric pressure

Temperature at which reaction is carried out, in this case 0 oC

0 oC
Formula of catalyst, in this case manganese (IV) oxide,
MnO2used to alter the rate of the reaction
Chemical equation: Info
Balanced equation
 When in water
• Use (aq) to indicate that the substance is in
water

KBr(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → KNO3(aq) + AgBr(s)

 Balancing chemical equations
Chemical Reaction:
Ethane reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon
dioxide and water.
1.Identify reactants and products and write their
correct formulas. Put reactants on the left side and
products on the right.

C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

 Balancing chemical equations Cont.
2. Balance the equation by changing the coefficients of
the reactants or products. Do not change the
subscripts or the chemical formula.
C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

To use the smallest whole number

coefficients,
2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O
 Balancing chemical equations Cont.
3.Check to make sure that the number of
each type of atom is the same on each
side of the equation.
 2
a= 1 2
b= 3.5 7
c=2 4
d=3 6

2C2H6 + 7 O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O

 activity
• Balance the following equations
1. ____ C + ____ O2 → ___ CO
2. ____ Mg + ____ O2 → ____ MgO
3. ____ H2O2 → ____ H2O + ____ O2
4. ____ CH4 + _____ O2 → ____ CO2 + ____ H2O
5. ____ N2O5 → _____ N2O4 + _____ O2
 Activity
Write the chemical equations and balance each
equation. (Include the symbols used in the chemical
equation)
1.Aluminum metal reacts with iron (II) oxide powder to
produce aluminum oxide solid and iron metal.
2. Aluminum sulfate solution mixed with calcium
hydroxide solution produce a precipitate of
aluminum hydroxide and solid calcium sulfate.

3. Ammonia gas (NH3) plus oxygen gas yields

nitrogen monoxide gas plus water vapor.
4. Calcium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide gas
yields solid calcium carbonate and liquid water.

5. Aqueous iron (III) chloride and sodium carbonate

solution yields aqueous sodium chloride and a
precipitate of iron (III) carbonate.
 Chemical reaction classification
1.Decomposition reaction – a reactant breaks
down into two or more products
General: AB → A + B
Example:

Li2CO3 → Li2O + CO2

2.Synthesis reaction – two or more reactants
form a single product
General: A + B → AB
Example:

2NO + O2 → 2NO2
3.Single displacement reaction – one element
replaces another in a compound
General: A + BC → AC + B
Example:
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
 Printable

Activity Series
Printable
Version
Version
of
of
Activity
Activity
Series
Series

Element Reactivity

Li
Rb
K Halogen Reactivity
Ca Ba
Ca
Foiled again – Na
Aluminum loses to Calcium Mg
Al F2
Mn
Cl2
Zn
Br2
Cr
Fe I2
Ni
Sn
Pb
H2
Cu
Hg
Ag
Pt
Au
 Activity Series
Li
Rb
K
Fe + CuCl2 FeCl2 + Cu
Ba
Ca
Na
Can Fe replace Cu? Yes Mg
Zinc in nitric acid Al
Mn
Zn F2
Zn + 2 HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2 Cr Cl2
Fe Br2
Can Zn replace H? Yes Ni I2
Sn
NO REACTION
Pb
MgCl2 + Br2 MgBr2 + Cl2 H2
Cu
Can Br replace Cl? No Hg
Ag
Pt
Au
4.Double displacement – two ionic compounds
exchange ions
• General: AB + CD → AD + CB
Example:
2KI(aq) +Pb(NO3)2(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
 Chemical reaction classification Cont.
5.Combustion reaction – a hydrocarbon (a
compound containing carbon and
hydrogen) reacts with oxygen to form
carbon dioxide and water.
General: Hydrocarbon + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Example:

2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O

6. Neutralization Reaction – when an acid
reacts with a base to form salt and water.

General : HX + BOH  BX + HOH

acid base salt water
Example:

HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

 Practice
Balance the following equations. Classify the
type of chemical reaction.
a.(NH4)2Cr2O7  N2 + Cr2O3 + H2O
b.SO2 + O2  SO3
c.CuCl2 + H2  ______ + ______
d.Cu(OH)2 + AgNO3  ______ + ______
e.Zn + Pb(NO3)2  _______ + Pb