ODISHA

ENGLISH PROJECT
What is flood?

• A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry

•  Floods can look very different because flooding covers anything from
a few inches of water to several feet.
WHAT CAUSE FLOOD?

• Most flash floods happen after extremely intense rainfall from severe thunder

storms over a short period of time (normally 6 hours or less).
• There are two key elements are (1)rainfall rate (2)rainfall duration
• Flash floods also happen when damns break, when levees fail, or when an ice
jam releases a large amount of water.
TYPE OF FLOOD

• Fluvial flood
• Pluvial flood
• Coastal flood
FLUVIAL FLOOD

• A fluvial, or river flood, occurs when the water level in a river, lake or stream
rises and overflows onto the surrounding banks, shores and neighboring land.
The water level rise could be due to excessive rain or snowmelt.
• The damage from a river flood can be widespread as the overflow affects
smaller rivers downstream, which can cause dams and dikes to break and
swamp nearby areas..
 PLUVIAL
FLOODS
• A pluvial flood occurs when an extreme rainfall event creates a flood independent
of an overflowing water body. A common misconception about flood is that you
must be located near a body of water to be at risk. Yet pluvial flooding can happen
in any location, urban or rural; even in areas with no water bodies in the vicinity.
There are two common types of pluvial flooding:
• Surface water floods occur when an urban drainage system is overwhelmed and
water flows out into streets and nearby structures.
• Flash floods are characterized by an intense, high velocity torrent of water triggered
by torrential rain falling within a short amount of time within the vicinity or on
nearby elevated terrain.
COASTAL FLOOD
• Coastal flooding is the inundation of land areas along the coast by seawater.
Common causes of coastal flooding are intense windstorm events occurring
at the same time as high tide (storm surge), and tsunamis.
• Storm surge is created when high winds from a windstorm force water
onshore — this is the leading cause of coastal flooding and often the greatest
threat associated with a windstorm.
FLOOD PRECAUTIONS

During a flood

• Seek higher ground. Do not wait for instructions.

• Be aware of flash flood areas such as canals, streams, drainage channels.
• Gather emergency supplies.
• Listen to your local radio or television station for updates.

• If instructed, turn off utilities at main switches and unplug appliances - do not
touch electrical equipment if wet.
• Do not try to drive over a flooded road.
AFTER A FLOOD

• Stay away from flood water - do not attempt to swim, walk or drive through
the area.
• Do not drink flood water, or use it to wash dishes, or wash/prepare food.
Drink clean, safe water.
• Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have
weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.
• Stay away from downed power lines and report them to the power company.
• Avoid driving through flooded areas and standing water.
THE TSUNAMI CAME ON ODISHA

•1999
•2004
 AT 2004

• More than 15 years after one of the devastating Tsunamis of history killed over
10,000 people in southern India, two coastal villages of Odisha would be declared
‘Tsunami-Ready’, the first in India as well as the Indian ocean region.
• The quake struck 308 miles (500 km) southwest of the city of Banda Aceh, on the
northern tip of Sumatra island, at a depth of 20.5 miles (33 km).
• The Indian ocean Tsunami, triggered by an earthquake of 9.1–9.3 magnitude on the
Richter scale on December 26, 2004, swept through 14 different countries in Indian
ocean region killing over 2.3 lakh people, most of them in Indonesia.
• The quake was felt as far away as Singapore, Thailand and India.
 AT 1999

• On October 29, 1999, a super cyclone with a wind speed of 300 mph had
struck Odisha.  making it probably the greatest cyclonic disaster ever
recorded in the last century.
• It was first detected when it was at its low pressure stage over the gulf of
Siam by the IMD cyclone surveillance system on the morning of October 24,
five days before it made landfall.
• Winds of up to 260 kph raged for over 36 hours.
• Coastal districts of Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur, Puri and
Ganjam were forced to evacuate their homes.
• time of landfall – 10:30am,October 29 1999.
• The wind speed of the super cyclone was so high that the anemometer, a device used
for measuring wind speed, at the IMD office and at Paradip had failed to record it.
• Diameter of cyclone was 200 km.
• The super cyclone centred over coastal areas of Odisha for three days was
accompanied by torrential rain as a tidal surge of about 7 to 10 metre that swept
more than 20 km inland.
• While the official death toll then was 9,885 people.
• At least 13 million people, including 3.3 million children, 5 million women and
nearly 3.5 million elderly people were affected in 1999.
• At least 13 million people, including 3.3 million children, 5 million women and
nearly 3.5 million elderly people were affected in 1999.
 THANKY
OU

Made by Aryan Ranjan 8th B 10