1914 TO 1927

INDIAN REFORMS
By Amna Waqas and Zohaa Aamir
SUMMARY OF INDIAN REFORMS
BETWEEN 1914 TILL 1927
 THE LUCKNOW PACT-----DEC 1916
 THE MONTAGU-CHELMSFORD REFORMS----
MAY 1918_JUN 1918(aka Montford report)
 THE ROWLATT ACT----FEB 1919
 THE AMRITSAR MASSACRE---APR 1919
 TREATY OF VERSAILLES----1919
 TREATY OF LAUSANNE----1920
 THE NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT---1920
 CHAURI_CHAURA INCIDENT----1922
DEC 1916
LUCKNOW PACT
THE LUCKNOW PACT WAS AN AGREEMENT MADE BY
THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS HEADED BY
MARATHA LEADER BAL GANGADHAR TILAK AND
THE ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE LED BY
MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH. IT WAS ADOPTED BY THE
CONGRESS AT ITS LUCKNOW SESSION ON DEC 29
AND BY THE LEAGUE ON DEC 31 1916.
THROUGH THE PACT, THE TWO PARTIES AGREED
TO RELIGIOUS MINORTIES IN THE PROVINCIAL
LEGISLATURE.
1919
THE MONTAGU CHELMSFORD REFORMS AKA THE
MONTFORD REFORMS WERE INTRODUCED BY
THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT IN BRITISH
INDIA TO INTRODUCE SELF GOVERNING
INSTITUTIONS GRADUALLY TO INDIA. THE
PROVINCES WERE TO FOLLOW THE DUAL
GOVERNMENT SYSTEM OR DYARCHY.THE
FORMED THE BASIS OF BRITISH GOVERNMENT
OF INDIA ACT 1919.
MARCH 1919
 THE ANARCHIAL AND REVOLUTIONARY CRIMES
ACT OF 1919, POPULARLY KNOWN AS THE
ROWLATT ACT OR THE BLACK ACT, WAS A
LEGISLATUVE ACT PASSED BY THE IMPERIAL
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL IN DELHI ON 10 MARCH
1919,INDEFINITELY EXTENDING THE
EMERGENCY MEASURES OF PREVENTIVE
INDEFINITE DETENTION,INCARCERATION
WITHOUT TRIALAND JUDICIAL REVEW.
APRIL 13 1919
 THE AMRITSAR MASSACRE AKA THE
JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE TOOK PLACE
WHEN TROOPS OF THE BRITISH ARMY UNDER
THE COMMAND OF COLONEL REGINALD DYER
FIRED RIFLES INTO THE CROWD OF INDIANS,
WHO HAD GATHERED IN THE JALLIANWALA
BAG AMRITSAR, PUNJAB.
1919
 WORLD WAR ONE OFFICIALLY ENDED WITH
THE SIGNING OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
ON JUNE 28, 1919. NEGOTIATED AMONG THE
ALLIED POWERS F WITH LITTLE
PARTICIPATION BY GERMANY, ITS 15 PARTS
AND 440 ARTICLES REASSIGNED GERMAN
BOUNDARIES AND ASSIGNED LIABILITY FOR
REPARATIONS.
1920
 TREATY OF LAUSANNE.THIS TREATY WAS
SIGNED ON 24 JULY 1923.This treaty was
signed on 24 july 1923. The sevres peace
treaty imposed by the ALLIES on the ottoman
empire after WW1 had virtually destroyed
Turkey as a national state. The treaty was
not recognised by the nationalist government
under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
1920_22
 THE NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT WAS AN
UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEPT BY MOHANDAS
GANDHI TO INDUCE THE BRITSH
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO GRANT
SELF_GOVERNMENT OS SWARAJ TO INDIA. IT
WAS ONE OF GANDHIS FIRST ORGANISED ACTS
OF LARGE SCALE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE.
(SATYAGRAHA).
5 FEBRUARY 1922
 THE CHAURI CHAURA INCIDENT OCCURRED AT
CHAURI CHAURA IN THE GORAKHPUR
DISTRICT OF THE UNITED PROVINCE(MODERN
UTTAR PRADESH) IN BRITISH INDIA ON 5 FEB
1922 WHEN A LARGE GROUP OF PROTESTERS,
PARTICIPATING IN THE NON_COOPERATION
MOVEMENT, CLASHED WITH POLICE, WHO
OPENED FIRE.
THE END
GOODBYE…..?
OH NO, please! Cant we go back to page one
and do it all over again?