ARCH - 120

FUNDAMENTALS OF
BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
CCSF Dept. of Architecture
Guillermo F. Luzardo - Instructor
INTRODUCTION
Objectives: - Understand importance of teamwork
- Clarify rules of conduct during sessions
CLASS INFORMATION
Us Rules CCSF

Instructors Attendance Policies

Class Classroom
Objectives
Etiquette

Guest
Speakers Grading
CLASS
▪ Office hours
▪ Canvas (log in)
▪ Book
▪ Enrollment (add codes)
▪ Introductions
WHO ARE WE?
• Introduction
• Background
• Motivation
• Ed. Plan
GUILLERMO F LUZARDO
▪ BS Civil & Structural Engineering
▪ Stanford University, MSCE Construction Engineering & Management
▪ 20+ years experience
▪ Structural Engineer, Contracts Manager, Scheduler, Cost Engineer, PM, Claims Manager.
▪ Bechtel, KPMG, FTI, GFL
▪ Litigation and PM Consultant
WHO ARE WE?
• Introduction
• Background
• Motivation
• Ed. Plan
GUEST SPEAKERS
RULES
▪ Syllabus
▪ Attendance > 85%
▪ Objectives
▪ Grades
OBJECTIVES
▪ Consider the impact of building codes on the selection of building systems.
▪ Assess the processes and techniques of building construction.
▪ Analyze materials and building systems in terms of their effect on
sustainability and energy conservation.
▪ Assess how the processes by which buildings are designed and built influences
the selection of building materials and systems.
GRADING
Class evaluations 60%

Assignments 15%

Class presentation 25%

GRADING
▪ A: 90-100%
▪ B: 80-89%
▪ C: 65-79%
▪ D: 50-64%
▪ F: 0-49%

*Transfer students
CCSF
▪ Keep all CCSF policies
▪ Classroom Etiquette
ADMIN
▪ Melissa Mc Peters – Employment Coordinator
▪ LinkedIn
▪ LinkedIn CM Alumni Group (https://www.linkedin.com/groups/13623508/)
▪ RAMS food market
CLASS INFORMATION
Us Rules CCSF

Instructor Attendance Policies

Class Classroom
Objectives
Etiquette

Guest
Speakers Grading
CLASS 1 – MAKING
BUILDINGS
TIME FOR A…
CLASS 1 – MAKING
BUILDINGS
CONSTRUCTION?
▪ Shelter
▪ Conquer Distances
▪ Harness Energy
▪ Create Public Spaces
▪ Protect from Natural Disasters
▪ Build Historical Monuments
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY?
▪ ”The only constant is change”
▪ Globalization
▪ Technology: CAD, BIM, P6, etc.
▪ Careers (specialists)
▪ Regulations
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION: LEARNING TO BUILD

▪ Structural Systems

▪ Enclosures

▪ Interior Finishes
LEARNING TO BUILD – SELECTING
MATERIALS

▪ Aesthetics and Functionality

▪ Regulations

▪ Safety
▪ Sustainability

▪ Economics (life cycle)

LEARNING TO BUILD
▪ Aesthetics

▪ Selecting Building Systems (Functionality)

▪ Building Performance

▪ Building Construction
BUILDINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

▪ Why do we care?
▪ Construction accounts for 30 to 40 % of the world’s energy and CO2 emissions
▪ In our country:
▪ 35% of all our energy
▪ 65% of all our electricity
▪ 30% of all raw materials
▪ 25% of all harvested wood
▪ 12% of all our fresh water
▪ 40% of all our greenhouse gas emissions
▪ 33% of our solid waste stream
BUILDINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

▪ “Sustainability”: meet the needs of today without compromising future generations

▪ Construction, Operation and Maintenance

▪ “Green Building”: sustainable design and construction

BUILDINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

▪ The Building Life Cycle – Sustainable Building Materials

1. Origin, Manufacture and Delivery of Materials and Equipment

2. Construction
3. Operation and Maintenance
4. Demolition
BUILDINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

▪ The Building Life Cycle – Sustainable Building Materials

▪ Renewable resources
▪ Recyclable materials
▪ Energy? Production vs. Freight
▪ Toxicity
BUILDINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
▪ Sustainable Building Materials (ISO 14020)
▪ Environmental Labels

▪ Type I: Ecolabels (Ind. third party certifications)

▪ i.e. Green Seal Standard GS-11 for Paint

▪ Type II: Self Declared Environmental Claims

▪ i.e. percentage of recyclable material

▪ Type III: Environmental Impact Labels

▪ i.e. decking product declarations document – includes life cycle
 BUILDINGS AND THE
ENVIRONMENT - WHAT TO
CONSIDER?
▪ Material life cycle and Life Cycle Analysis

▪ Extraction
▪ Production and use
▪ Disposal

▪ Quality vs. Quantity

▪ Cradle to grave – cradle to gate – cradle to construction

▪ Embodied? Water, Energy, Carbon, etc… Pollutants generated?

BUILDINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
EVALUATING SUSTAINABILITY

▪ U.S. Green Building Council (GBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
▪ LEED Rating System: certified, silver, gold and platinum.
▪ Voluntary.
▪ Ways to score… (LEED project checklist pages 8 & 9)
TIME FOR A…
THE PROJECT – WHO’S INVOLVED?

▪ Owner
▪ Designer (A/E)
▪ Constructor
▪ Others
▪ Suppliers
▪ Banks
▪ Insurance (surety)
▪ Lawyers
▪ Government officials
▪ Etc…
 THE WORK OF THE DESIGN PROFESSIONAL
THE PROJECT MANUAL

▪ Drawings
▪ Specifications
▪ Contract?
▪ Others
THE WORK OF THE DESIGN PROFESSIONAL :
ORDINANCES AND CODES
▪ Why do we require regulation?

▪ “Zoning”

▪ Building Codes
▪ Safety
▪ Sustainability
▪ Accessibility

▪ From many, one…

▪ IBC (International Building Code) - year 2000

IBC CODES
By Occupancy (safety): By Construction (quality of components):
▪ A-1: Assembly
▪ Type 1: high fire resistance
▪ B: Business
▪ E: Education
▪ Type 2:
▪ F-1 & F-2: Factory Industrial ▪ Type 3:
▪ H1-5: Hazzard ▪ Type 4:
▪ I1-4: Institutional ▪ Type 5: low fire resistance or relatively
▪ M: Mercantile combustible
▪ R1-4: Residential
▪ S1-2: Storage
❖Why do we care?
▪ U: Utility
ORDINANCES AND CODES
Example: Fire Safety

▪ Fire resistance: time a material or assembly will resist fire exposure

▪ Occupant load
▪ Number of exits
▪ Protected means of egress
ORDINANCES AND CODES
Other regulated sections:

▪ Natural light
▪ Ventilation
▪ Structural design
▪ Energy efficiency
ORDINANCES AND CODES
Other regulators:

▪ Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

▪ Fair Housing Act
▪ OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
▪ Conservation Laws
▪ Unions
STANDARDS AND INFORMATION
RESOURCES

▪ ASTM (American Standard for Testing and Materials)

▪ ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
▪ ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

▪ What is a “Material”?
▪ CSI (Construction Specification Institute)
STANDARDS AND INFORMATION RESOURCES

▪ CSI – MasterFormat (materials and systems)

▪ List of construction materials and systems (titles and numbers)

▪ Organized into 50 “Divisions”
▪ Divisions then sliced into sections
▪ Six digit codes

▪ CSI-UniFormat (Function)

Note: see pages 18 and 19

THE WORK OF THE
CONSTRUCTION PROFESSIONAL
▪ Project Delivery Methods:

✔ Design – Bid – Build

✔ Design – Build

✔ Construction Project Management (+fee and at risk)

PROJECT DELIVERY
METHODS
▪ Design – Bid – Build

▪ Advantages
▪ Better handle on cost before construction begins
▪ Better definition before construction

▪ Disadvantages
▪ Little construction input in Design process
▪ Errors and omissions could lead to many changes
PROJECT DELIVERY
METHODS
▪ Design – Build (turn key)

▪ Advantages
▪ Good Design Construction Coordination
▪ Time and cost savings a possibility

▪ Disadvantages
▪ Weak cost handle before construction begins
▪ Insufficient owner involvement may lead to undesired results

▪ Joint Venture?
PROJECT DELIVERY
METHODS
▪ Construction Project Management

▪ Advantages

▪ Good cost handle

▪ Could have good construction and design coordination
▪ “Convertible”

▪ Disadvantages
▪ Requires a very skilled and motivated team
CONTRACT TYPES
▪ Fixed Price (Lump- sum)

▪ Unit Price

▪ Cost Plus (Cost Reimbursable/ Time and Materials)

CHANGES
SCHEDULE
▪ What is a Schedule?
▪ What is it used for?
▪ Traditional vs. Fast Track
▪ Check Lists
▪ Project Boards
▪ Bar Charts
▪ CMP
▪ What schedule should we use?
CONSTRUCTOR
▪ Prime
▪ Sub
▪ Project Controls
▪ Role
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
MANAGEMENT BASICS
▪ Management Objectives

✔$
✔Time
✔Quality
✔Safety

oWhat is most important?

oWhat is most challenging?
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
▪ Written and graphic documents prepared by the A/E for communicating
the design and administering the contract

▪ Drawings
▪ Specifications
▪ Terms & Conditions
PROJECT TEAM
▪ Clear Definition
▪ Unique Problem Solving
▪ Always Alert (alternative solutions)
▪ Plan the work, work the plan
PROJECT TEAM - TRENDS
▪ Improve Collaboration (Align Motivations) – IPD (Integrated project delivery)
▪ Improve Efficiency – Lean Construction
▪ Improving Communication - BIM (Building Information Modelling)
ASSIGNMENT
▪ Read chapter 1
▪ Create or update your LinkedIn profile
▪ Start planning group presentations
QUESTIONS?
TIME?
TIME?
QUALITY?

10 years late - 14 times over budget

STRUCTURES…