Presenter: Syeda Kainat

Section: 6C
Modern Novel
Summary: Analysis:
Next morning, Stephen awaken
Another shackle which
refreshed by his dream about
threatens
Emma. Stephen's artistic freedom.
Remember by many times he
Reappearance of Emmy Clery
thought about her  Villanelle incorporates all of
He accuses himself of folly
His conflicting emotions
 Six stanza villanelle contains
concerning women.
multidimensional view of her
 Summary:
Sitting on the steps of library he
watches a flock of bird, he muses
on the idea of flight and on the
fact that men have always tried to
fly.
Analysis:
He contemplates the flight of the
birds. As birds he is not sure about
his own nature.
Birds offer Stephen relief from his
worries
The significance of birds is morally
ambiguous.
Finally the birds are symbol of
literature and national politics as
well, remind him a message from a
recent Yeat's play
 Summary: Analysis:
Leaving the library, Stephen walks The most important relation that

with Cranly, Emma Stephen’s beloved Stephen feels compelled to sever is his

nods a greeting to Cranly, ignoring deep rooted friendship with Cranly.

Stephen. Cranly is the character based on Joyce’s

Stephen feels hurt. real life friend John Byrne.

Glynn approaches leaving the rest of Stephen searches for the reason to

students, Cranly and Stephen walk on dissolve their friendship.

alone. So he convinces himself that he has been

Stephen tells Cranly about an betrayed by family.

unpleasant conversation he has had When Stephen asks Cranly ‘s advice he

at home. Cranly answers that mother pointed out that Cranly is firm. To Stephen

love is more important Cranly is the epitome of compromise.

Summary: Analysis:
Cranly gently tests Stephen's new
Stephen wants — and needs — to
faithlessness. concludes that Stephen
escape this polluted system of
may still have vestiges of faith.
values.
Stephen sadly tells his friend that he
Thus Stephen announces his
feels he may soon have to leave.
imminent departure, stating he has
Stephen says that he feels he must obey
no fear that he is making a mistake
the dictum "I will not serve," refusing any
by fleeing Ireland.
ideology that is imposed upon him from
He says that he is willing to suffer
above, even that of friends and family.
for his art, even if it means that he
Cranly warns Stephen of the risk of
will suffer during eternity.
extreme solitude, but Stephen does not
reply.
 Summary: Analysis:
Joyce's transition to journal
Narrative switches to a journal form.
entries at the end of the novel is
Stephen records his scattered
a formal change that highlights
impressions of thoughts, perceptions,
Stephen's continuing search for
and events of each day. 
his own voice. 
He tells of his conversation with
This final conversation
Cranly about leaving the university,
between Stephen and Cranly is
and mentions Cranly's father.
referred to in Stephen's diary,
Stephen notes a conversation with
and it reflects similar entries in
his mother regarding the Virgin Mary.
Joyce's own notebooks. 
He records two dreams:
1. one of viewing a long gallery filled
with images of fabulous kings
2. another of meeting strange mute
creatures with phosphorescent faces.  concrete, placing Stephen himself in
 In his entry dated April 15, Stephen
records meeting "her"—meaning
Emma—on Grafton Street.
 The following day, he has a vision of
disembodied arms and voices.
 Stephen ends his journal with a prayer
to his old father, Daedalus, whom he
calls "old artificer," to stand him in
good stead.
Stephen's relation to females
throughout the novel has been largely
conflicted and abstract to this point.
This meeting with Emma, however, is
control.
The conversation with Emma
emphasizes the fact that women are no
longer guiding Stephen.
 He no longer needs to be mothered
and guided, as his emotional, spiritual,
and artistic development has given him
the vision and confidence to show
himself the way.