GENETIC

DR. MEIZLY ANDINA, M.BIOMED

DEPARTEMEN BIOKIMIA
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UMSU
2016

www.meizlyandina.blogspot.com
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Replication of DNA
2. DNA polymerase activity
3. Repair mechanism
4. Recombination
 CHROMOSOME

BASE PAIR
GENOME

GENE
 CHROMOSOMES
 Long strands of DNA packaged and compressed very tightly
 Everyone has 2 sets (1 pair) of chromosomes
1 pair of each of the 22 ‘autosomes’
 plus XX for a female (46XX)

 or XY for a male (46XY)

Murray RK, et al, 2009. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry

 ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN DNA

Harvey RA, 2011. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry

Murray RK, et al, 2009. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry
 DNA

Harvey RA, 2011. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry

 STRUCTURE of BASES, NUCLEOSIDES and NUCLEOTIDES

Wilson K, 2010. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

 GENE
9
 The haploid human genome is made up of 3 x 10 base pairs of DNA ((990 mm), contains
50,000-100,000 genes arranged on 46 chromosomes, packaged within the nucleus of the
cell
 Calculate the weight in grams of a double-helical DNA molecule stretching from the earth to
the moon (~320,000 km). The DNA double helix weighs about 1 X 10-18 g per 1,000
nucleotide pairs; each base pair extends 3.4 Å  our body contains about 0.5 g of DNA
 Segments of DNA code for proteins (or parts of proteins)
 Each coding segment is called a gene
 One gene codes one protein (or part of)
 Genes contain the information which makes us what we are
 Every three bases of DNA is called a ‘codon’
 Each codon specifies an amino acid which join together to form the protein
eg ATG = methionine = START
TAA = STOP
TAG = STOP
TGA = STOP
Harvey RA, 2011. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry
CELL CYCLE

Swanson TA, 2010, Biochemistry, Molecular, Biology, and Genetics

 SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION OF DNA

Harvey RA, 2011. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry

Harvey RA, 2011. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry
Replication of DNA: origins and replication forks.
A. Small prokaryotic circular DNA. B. Very long eukaryotic DNA.

Harvey RA, 2011. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry

GENOYTPE VS PHENOTYPES
MENDEL’S LAW

1. SEGREGATION
2. INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. A coin is flipped 4 times and comes up heads each time. What is the probabilty that
the next coin flip will come up heads?

Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r). Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)

2. Classify the following as heterozygous or homozygous ; RR, Rr, yy, YyRR

3. What is the phenotype of the following: Yy, Rr, yy, YyRr
4. What is the probabilty of Rr x Rr producing wrinkled seeds?
5. What is the probabilty of Yy x yy producing green seeds?
6. What is the probabilty of RrYy x RRYy producing RrYy?