Membaca Pemahaman Teks

Deskriptif (Praktek)

Taufik Nur Hidayat

Bahasa Inggris untuk Komunikasi
Bisnis dan Profesional
Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
Introduction
 This course will provide practically in
understanding descriptive text for translation
purposes, explore the various uses and
applications of description. Its purpose is to
demonstrate the effectiveness of reading and
writing which includes descriptive details.
The bottom line of the materials employ:
 Definition of Descriptive Detail

 Uses of Descriptive Detail

 Types of Descriptive Detail

Assessment
 Attitude (attendance, activeness,
responsibility, discipline) = 10%
 Assignment = 25 %
 Mid-Test = 30 %
 Final-Test = 35%
1. Less than 10x meetings without permission is
not allowed to join UAS.
2. Late more than 30’ is considered that a
students doesn’t attend the class
3. Late in submitting the assignment will be
reduced 5 (scale 10-100), doesn’t submit 0
Scoring
 A : ≥ 85 (advanced)
 A- : 80 – 84 (lower advanced)
 B+ : 75 – 79 (upper aintermediate)
 B : 70 – 74 (intermediate)
 C+ : 65 – 69 (lower intermediate)
 C : 60 – 64 (pre-intermediate)
 D : 55 – 59 (elementary)
 E : < 55 (pre-elementary)
General Overview of Factual Genre and
Story Genre
 Factual Genre
Social -generalized +generelized Explain/resolve debate
function description description:
document
Stages
Unstructured description report Exposition discussion
Structure recount procedure explanation exploration

 Story Genre
Types of Stages
genre
Recount orientation Record of event
Anecdote orientation crisis reaction
Exemplum orientation incident interpretation
Narrative orientation complication evaluation resolution
 Martin (1992 in Santosa 2009)
 General Overview of Factual Genre
 1. Description  describes unique living or non-living
things; the results of the description are not meant to
generalize the things.
 A descriptive text usually focuses on describing a single
location, object, event, person, or place.
 It endeavors to engage all five of the reader’s senses to
evoke the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and feel of the
text’s subject.
 General Overview of Factual Genre
 Structure:
 1) General description (Identification) things to be
described
 2) Specific description of parts, functions, behaviors
(living), uses (non living)  part to be described
 Linguistic Features:
 1) present tense is dominantly used
 2) relational verb (to be, have, has, become, feel, smell,
appear, etc) to describe
parts/function/qualities/appearance
 3) action verb is to describe uses/behavior (play, make,
etc)
 General Overview of Factual Genre
 Relational verb is similar with linking verb which functioned
to connect between subject and attribute
 They are the winner of the debate competition
 You look so sad, He becomes an engineer in Denhag.
 General Overview of Factual Genre
 1) present tense is dominantly used
 The algebra is the most interesting subject.

 2) relational verb (to be, have, has, become, feel, smell,

appear, etc) to describe
parts/function/qualities/appearance
 3) action verb to describe uses/behavior (play, make, etc)

 We play futsal every week end.

 We make this project together to join the competition

GRAMMATICAL FEATURE OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Other examples...
Canada is one of the best country in the world. There
are three reasons why Canada is able to get this
predicate.  identification
First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All
Canadians have access to medical services at a
reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard
of education. Students are taught by well-trained
teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at
university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and
efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks
and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada
is a desirable place to live.  description (specific
description)
Analysis
 Thing to be described is Canada (introduction)
 Parts of thing to be described are specific
characteristic and condition of the country
involving: 1) Canada has excellent health care
system; 2) Canada has high standard of
education; 3) Canada is clean and efficiently
managed
 1. Definition
 Descriptive details allow sensory recreations of
experiences, objects, or imaginings. In other
words, description encourages a more concrete
or sensory experience of a subject, one which
allows the reader to transport himself or herself
into a scene. Writing that lacks description is in
danger of being plain or overly general.
 2. The Use of Descriptive Text
 There are too many different uses of description.
Description enhances a wide variety of subjects.
 Descriptive details cause a reader to feel, to hear, to
taste, to become intimately connected with the images
and experiences being recreated. Descriptive text can
be used for:
 Fiction
 Poetry
 Narrative Essay
 Persuasive Writing
 Summary/Response
2.1 Fiction
 In fiction writing, it is important to make your
scenes and characters as vivid as possible.
One way this can be accomplished is through
the inclusion of descriptive details. Fiction
which incorporates original sensory
description has the power to actively involve
and affect the reader. Without such details,
fiction is in danger of becoming listless or flat.
Description is equally as important as
dialogue and plot in moving forward the
action of a story.
 Examples
 One of my favorite ways of explaining the
importance of vivid description in fiction writing
is E.L. Doctorow's "Not that it's raining, but
the feel of being rained upon." You don't tell your
reader that it's rainy, because they won't care.
They won't identify. You have to make them care
through speaking to their senses. We perceive the
world through our senses. (Mary Kate Perry, GTA
- Department of English-Colorado University)
 2.2 Poetry
 Poetry often begins with an image. Therefore,
poetry is in a unique position to explore and
exploit the possibilities of language. By utilizing
effective descriptive details, the language of a
poem is able to achieve power over the thoughts
and feelings of readers. Rhythm and meter are
important to poetry, but without descriptive
detail a poem cannot engage the imagination or
the senses.
 Examples
 (1) You know city water: sometimes it comes out rusty and
you wait for it to run clean. I've done it, but I've never
thought about it until I read Williams's poem.“
 (2) Lord, help me be the Mother
 You've chosen me to be,
 One parent with a loving heart,
 The mother of my three.

 Give me wisdom and courage.

 A righteous and faithful leader I'll be,
 So I may live through you, Lord,
 An example of good I may be…(Jack Juddy A Campbell)
 Examples
 Tick tock...tick tock...
 Life is counting down on your internal clock.
 Memories that feel as if they occurred yesterday
 turn to flashes of moments that seem to fade away.

 People you once knew

 walk by without a clue.
 The times you once shared
 exist as if you were never there.

 Years fly...friends die...

 and you never know when you'll say your last goodbye. (Joe
Massoco)
 Examples
 Tick tock...tick tock...
 Life is counting down on your internal clock (Hidup itu
menghitung mundur waktu yang kau miliki)
 Memories that feel as if they occurred yesterday (Semua
kendangan itu terasa seolah olah terjadi kemarin)
 turn to flashes of moments that seem to fade away (Beralih
kilatan momen yang tampak memudar)/(momen-momen itu
begitu cepat berlalu)
 People you once knew (orang-orang yang pernah kau kenal)
 walk by without a clue. (pergi tanpa aba-aba)
 The times you once shared (waktu-waktu yang pernah kau
bagikan)
 exist as if you were never there.(seolah-olah kau tak pernah
ada di sana)
 Examples
 Years fly...friends die...(waktu terus berjalan…teman-
temanpun meninggal)
 and you never know when you'll say your last goodbye (dan
kau tidak akan pernah tahu kapan terakhir kau akan
mengucapkan selamat tinggal)
 2.3 Narrative Essay
 A narrative essay has a specific format, specific
aspect to discover, and a specific motif. It revolves
around that motif set by the writer prior to writing the
essay.
 A narrative essay is a type of essay that has a single
motif, or a central point, around which the whole
narrative revolves. All incidents, happenings, and
characters revolve around a single motif presented in
the narrative.
 The structure: Character, theme or motif (thesis
statement), dialogue
 Examples
 By Maya Angelaou
 2.4 Persuasive Writing
 In the Creative Writer's Handbook, Philip K. Jason and
Allan B. Lefcowitz explain that "sensory experience is
primary experience: we see, feel, taste, smell, and
hear before we think, analyze, choose, and argue"
(130).
 Therefore, before an argument can effectively
persuade an audience or reader, the writer or speaker
must carefully select and utilize descriptive details. If a
writer can effectively engage the reader's primary
senses, then the audience can be more easily enticed
to feel the validity of the argument.
 2.4 Persuasive Writing
 For example, an argument which provides a plea to
end deforestation is far more moving when it includes
an emotional and sensory depiction of the desolate
environment, the ravaged wilderness, the displaced
animals. Descriptive details can cause emotional
triggers which are key when attempting to persuade
an audience.
 2.4 Persuasive Writing
 Persuasive writing intends to convince readers to
believe in an idea or opinion and to do an action.
Many writings such as criticisms, reviews, reaction
papers, editorials, proposals, advertisements, and
brochures use different ways of persuasion to
influence readers. Persuasive writing can also be used
in indoctrination. (Charlotte, 2016)

 It is a form of non-fiction writing the writer uses to

develop logical arguments, making use of carefully
chosen words and phrases. But, it's believed that
fiction writing should also be persuasive. (Peter, 2012)
 2.5 Summary/Response
 Summary/response writing is not exempt from the
need to include descriptive detail. A descriptive
summary/response essay will be effective if it includes
both objective and subjective details. Objective details
refer to concrete facts, while subjective details stress
feelings about facts, places, people, and events. A
balance between objective and subjective details will
help the essay involve the emotions of the reader,
while still relating the important facts.
 A response is a critique or evaluation of the author's
essay. Unlike the summary, it is composed of YOUR
opinions in relation to the article being summarized
 3. Types of Descriptive Details
 There are many different ways in which descriptive
detail can be included in writing. Whether to describe,
persuade, illustrate or demonstrate
 Descriptive details includes:
 Sensory Detail
 Characterization
 Observational Writing
 "Showing" versus "Telling"
 Simile
 Sensory Detail
 Writing by using sensory detail (five senses) is more
likely to engage and affect the reader.
 Using sensory detail can create concrete images.

 Example text without sensory detail

ST: Grandmother Workman reached over and grabbed

her grandson's arm. He was nervous because the
staircase was so steep, but she leaned against him
and they began to climb.
TT: Seorang wanita tua memegang dan mengulurkan
tangannya ke lengan cucunya. Dia gemetar karena
tangganya begitu curam, tetapi dia menyandarkan
padanya dan mereka mulai menaiki tangga.
Sight
Sound
Smell
Smell
Taste
Characterization
 Characterization is an important part of description, because it
causes readers to more fully understand the motivations of
character.
 In order to create realistic characters, a writer should be certain
to give each person within the text:
 a unique way of behaving
 a unique way of speaking
 a unique appearance
 a unique was of thinking
Observational Writing
 The key to effective observing is to be able to show your reader
people, places, events, or objects through the use of specific
detail.
 Using Comparisons
 Describing Absences
 Describing Changes
 Point of View
 Focus
Showing VS Telling
 The distinction between these two types of writing can be
defined in very basic terms.
 "Telling" refers to the process of creating text which does not
speak to the imagination of the reader
 "shows" generally incorporates vivid descriptive detail in order
to help the reader evaluate evidence in order to make the
appropriate judgments
 Example: Hanna was sad  telling
 Why does she look like? Why is she sad?  showing the
evidence of the judgment “Hanna was sad”
 Simile
 A simile is a comparison of two seemingly dissimilar objects.
 Its purpose is to make a unique connection between things
which appear essentially unlike, usually through using the
words "like" or "as.“
Examples:
Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep
moving
Life is like writing with a pen. You can cross out your past but you
can’t erase it
Sweet as sugar
As big as elephant
As clear as diamond
 References
 Guillain, Charlotte (2016). What is Persuasive
Writing? Raintree. ISBN 9781406296891.
 Frederick, Peter (2012). Persuasive Writing: How to
harness the power of words. Pearson UK. ISBN
9780273746164.
 https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/page.cfm?
pageid=1684&guideid=91