Metamorphism

Prepared by:
Jahque Ladaran and Nur Aisa Medtimbang
Metamorphism
is the change of minerals or geologic
texture in pre-existing rocks without
melting.
pre-existing rocks
(protoliths)
pre-existing rocks
(protoliths)
 The geologists who study
metamorphism are known as
 The geologists who study
metamorphism are known as
"metamorphic petrologists."
Metamorphism is divided into:
Metamorphism is divided into:

Prograde metamorphism
produced with increasing pressure
and temperature
Metamorphism is divided into:

Prograde metamorphism
produced with increasing pressure
and temperature

Retrograde metamorphism produced with decreasing temperatures and pressure

 Types of
Metamorphism
Contact metamorphism
Contact metamorphism

 Metamorphism due to contact with or

proximity to an igneous intrusion
Contact metamorphism

 Metamorphism due to contact with or

proximity to an igneous intrusion
Regional metamorphism
Regional metamorphism
 Metamorphism affecting rocks over an
extensive area as a result of the large-scale
action of heat and pressure
Regional metamorphism
 Metamorphism affecting rocks over an
extensive area as a result of the large-scale
action of heat and pressure
Metamorphic Minerals
Metamorphic Minerals

 Minerals are stable over a particular range of T and P. Out with that
range it can form new mineral
Metamorphic Minerals

 Minerals are stable over a particular range of T and P. Out with that
range it can form new mineral
 100 – 200 °C and at least 100 mega pascals but below 300 mega
pascals
Metamorphic textures
Metamorphic textures

 The term “texture” describes the size, shape and arrangement of

grains within a rock.
Metamorphic textures

 The term “texture” describes the size, shape and arrangement of

grains within a rock.
 Foliated – produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure
Metamorphic textures

 The term “texture” describes the size, shape and arrangement of

grains within a rock.
 Foliated – produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure
 Non-foliated – do not have layered or banded appearance
Metamorphism leads changes in:
Metamorphism leads changes in:
*Mineral Content
Metamorphism leads changes in:
*Mineral Content
*Texture
Metamorphism leads changes in:
*Mineral Content
*Texture
*Chemical composition
 Metamorphic grades

 Metamorphic grade is an informal indication of the

amount or degree of metamorphism.

Low grade -------- Intermediate --------- High grade

Degrees of metamorphism:
Degrees of metamorphism:
* Low grade metamorphism-Little change in
the parent rock.
Degrees of metamorphism:
* Low grade metamorphism-Little change in
the parent rock.
*High grade metamorphism-Identity of parent
rock becomes hard to distinguish.
Degrees of metamorphism:
* Low grade metamorphism-Little change in
the parent rock.
*High grade metamorphism-Identity of parent
rock becomes hard to distinguish.

Note: Parent rock should not melt, If it does,

then igneous processes(not metamorphism)
become involved.
Metamorphic agents
Heat
Heat

Pressure
Heat

Pressure

Fluids
The
Rock
Cycle
QUIZ
1. What is Metamorphism?
2. The geologists who study metamorphism are known as?
3. It is an informal indication of the amount or degree of metamorphism.
4. Metamorphism affecting rocks over an extensive area as a result of the large-scale action of heat and pressure.
5. The term that describes the size, shape and arrangement of grains within a rock.