Nervous System Cardiovascular System Respiratory System Excretory and Digestive System

● Divided into two parts: Central Nervous System ● Excretory system is responsible for the
● The cardiovascular system uses a series of ● There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis
and Pheripheral System
veins and arteries to carry blood to and from the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of ● Digestive system breaks down food mechanically
● The central nervous system consisting of the brain
the heart respiration and absorbs its nutrients chemically
and spinal cord
● Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones ● It transport air into the lungs and to facilitate the ● Can have stomach ache,
● The peripheral system which connects the central
to cells throughout the body and removal of diffusion of Oxygen into the bloodstream diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and
nervous system to the rest of the body.
metabolic wastes ● Rapid shallow breathing or loss of appetite
● It is responsible for coordinating
● It increased heart rate, make asthma symptoms worse
all of the body's activities
Anatomy palpitations, chest pain

Affected Body Systems Pathology Systemic consequences Signs & Symptoms

● Central Nervous System ● Pathology is the medical study of diagnosing ● Psychological therapy,,pharmacotherapy or a ● Overwhelming Fear
● Cardiovascular System disease combination of both ● Headaches
● Excretory and Digestive System ● The study of anxiety disorder shows that it is a ● The systematic consequence is to address negative ● Breathing problems
● Respiratory System normal response to stress thoughts and with the help of cognitive therapy ● Increased Blood Pressure
changing these negative thoughts into positive ● Muscle aches

Pathophysiology

Causes Risk factors

There is no single cause that will lead a person to develop an anxiety disorder but a number of risk factors may ● Trauma: If you endured abuse or trauma or witnessed traumatic events, you are more susceptible to developing an
contribute to it and make it more likely to occur. anxiety disorder at some point in life.
Life experiences such as traumatic events appear to trigger anxiety disorders in people who are already prone to anxiety. ● Illness: Serious illnesses can cause you to worry and significantly impact your thoughts about your future and if you
Inherited traits also can be a factor. Alternatively, anxiety can be caused from an underlying health issue. Examples will be ok or not
include: Heart disease, diabetes, thyroid problems, respiratory disorders, or even withdrawal from alcohol or other drugs. ● Stress: Big event or a buildup of smaller stressful situations may trigger anxiety like a death in the family, or
Also, it can be a side effect from certain medications. ongoing stress and worry about finances or work
● Personality: Certain personalities are more likely to develop an anxiety disorder.
● Other mental health disorders.: People with other mental health disorders, such as depression, often also have an
anxiety disorder.
Etiology ● Genetics: Anxiety disorders can run in families.
● Drugs or alcohol: Use, misuse or withdrawal can cause or worsen anxiety.

Upcoming treatments Current treatments: benefits and risks Prevention

Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ● Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT):
○ A well-established, highly effective, and lasting treatment
(dTMS): stimulating larger, deeper brain
○ Patients learn skills during therapy sessions, but they must practice
regions; The procedure uses specialized repeatedly to see improvement.
coils that reach about 4 centimeters ● Medication
beneath the surface of the skull ○ Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
○ Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
○ Benzodiazepines
○ Tricyclic Antidepressants
○ Ketamine
○ Long-term use may require increased doses to achieve the same effect,
which may lead to problems related to tolerance and dependence;
● A residential treatment center (RTC) ● Aware of life's stresses and understand your own ability to
○ A live-in health care facility providing therapy for substance abuse,
cope with them
mental illness, or other behavioral problems.
● Diet and Exercise
○ Most centers focus on substance abuse
● Complementary and alternative treatments: ● Symptoms management
○ Stress and Relaxation techniques; Meditation; Yoga; Acupuncture
● Getting adequate sleep
○ Can only reduce and help in long term
● Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) ● Communication
○ Creates a magnetic field to induce a small electric current in a specific ● Relaxation techniques
part of the brain ● Interpersonal skills in dealing with difficult people and
○ A safe, effective, and noninvasive option for people who have
situations or parenting skills training in dealing with your
Prevention &
depression that has not improved with medications
children. treatment

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Canada Mental Health Association. (October, 2004). Social anxiety disorder: An annual supplement to Health Reports.Statistics Canada Catalogue, no. 82-003. Retrieved from
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