Jenis Jenis Refraktori

Materi Kuliah 5
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia
2019
University of
Jenis Refraktori
Indonesia

Acid Basic Neutral Special

- Fire brick - Magnesite - Chromite - Pure alumina
- Semi silika - Dolomite - Carbon - Zirconthoria
- Silika - Chrome - Grafit - Spinel
magnesite - Silicon - Boran nitride
- Magnesite- carbide
chrome
- Forsterite

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Jenis Refraktori
Indonesia

 Refraktori Asam
- Bahan dasar : SiO2
- Silika
- Fire Clay: Campuran 30 – 40% Al2O3 dan SiO2
- Sillimanite dan Andalusite : Campuran
± 60 % Al2O3 dan SiO2

 Refraktori Basa
- Bahan dasar : MgO
- Magnesite ( MgO )
- Dolomite ( MgCO3 . CaCO3)
- Chrome – Magnesite
- Magnesite - Chrome

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Jenis Refraktori
Indonesia

 Refraktori Netral
- bersifat inert terhadap suasana asam/basa
- karbon
- chromite
 Refraktori Special
- Mahal
- ZrO2, BeO, ThO2
Untuk keperluan yang sangat khusus Contoh : reaktor
atom dan teknologi gas terbaru
B2O3 - SiO2- P2O5-V2O5-Al2O3-TiO2-ZrO2-FeO-PbO-MgO
 Basasitas Meningkat 

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Refraktori Alumina Silika

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia
2019
University of
Refraktori Alumina Silika
Indonesia

Sistem Aluminium Silika

 Jenis refraktori tergantung dari variasi komposisi
Al2O3 dan SiO2.
- contoh: firebrick (30% Al2O3 dan 70% SiO2)
sampai 15450C terdiri dari Mullite(3Al2O3 2SiO2.)
dan silika (cristobalite or tridymite)
Karakteristik Mullite :
 Sangat kuat
 Tahan terhadap temperatur tinggi
 Karenanya kekuatan refraktori ini dipengaruhi oleh
kandungan mullite

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

 Komposisi Silika dan Alumina-
University of
Indonesia Silika Brick

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

 Sifat Silika dan Alumina-Silika
University of
Indonesia Brick

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Refraktori Alumina Silika
Indonesia

Pembagiannya :
 Fire Brick (Al2O3 25%)
pada 15950C 70% liquid dan 30% mullite  masih
mampu bertahan bentuknya dalam waktu lama
 Andalusite (Al2O3 50%)
 Pada 1595 0C terdiri dari 40% liquid dan 60% mullite
 Pada 1700 terdiri dari 45%liquid refraktoriness
masih baik tapi RUL rendah
 Mullite (Al2O3 72%)
1595 0C s/d 1810% terdiri dari100% mullite
refraktoriness meningkat
Jadi dengan peningkatan Al2O3 menguntungkan sifat
refraktoriness

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Fire Brick
Indonesia

 Umum dipakai (50%-55%)

 Diklasifikasikan atas Al2O3
 Jika Al2O3 < 32%  kualitas rendah
 Al2O3 10-22%  semi silika
 Kandungan lain dari firebrick
- TiO2 ~ 0,2-5 %
- Fe2O3 ~ 1-6 %
- CaO & MgO ~ 0,1-2 %
- K2O ~ 0,1 – 3 %

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Fire Brick
Indonesia

Slag
Sifat resistance
firebrick
- baik terhadap
 Kenaikan slag25%
Al2O3 dari asamke 45% refractoriness naik dari
-1550C
burukketerhadap
1700C slag
 RULbasa,FeO,Alkali
15000Ctergantung komposisi /impurities
- jika Al2O
 Spalling 3 tinggi maka
resistance baik,slag resistance
makin tinggi baik karena
Al2O3 makin baik
kandungan oksida lain rendah

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Fire Brick
Indonesia

Penggunaan fire brick:

 Shaft Tanur tinggi
 Ladle
 Cowper
 Reheating Furnance

Shaft Tanur tinggi

- Sering terjadi carbon deposition
2 CO T = 450 C CO2 + C
Persyaratan refraktori:
 Kandungan Fe rendah atau tidak ada
 Low porosity ketahanan abrasi baik

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
High Alumina Brick
Indonesia

Jika kadar Al2O3 > 46 %  banyak keuntungan sifat2 yg

diinginkan
Contoh :
 Sillimanite : Al2O3 = 63 %
 Andalusite : Al2O3 = 50%
 Mullite : Al2O3 = 70 – 73 %
- Mullite nerupakan bahan dasar bauksit + clay
(bahanpengikat )
- bertahan tetap “solid” s/d 1810 C
- Mahal
- Hanya untuk kondisi tertentu ( benar-benar sesuai )
- Refractoriness 1850  tabel
- Spalling resistance excelent
- Cold Strength tinggi
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
University of
High Alumina Brick
Indonesia

Ketahanan thd Slag :

- lebih baik dari fire brick
- Refraktori dgn 50 – 60 % Al2O3  thn thd slag
asam
- Refraktori dgn 70 % Al2O3  thn thd slag asam /
basa, bahkan thd FeO

Penggunaan high alumina brick

 Kualitas lebih baik  menggantikan fire brick
 Line bosh Tanur Tinggi
 Shaft ( bukan daerah paling atas ), menggunakan
sillimanite & andalusite  ketahanan thd CO
deposition
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
University of
High Alumina Brick
Indonesia

Sifat lain High Alumina Brick

 High density
 Low porosity
 good thermal conductivy
 high capacity for heat

Banyak pula untuk :

- Dinding reheating furnace
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
University of
Indonesia
Refractory Alumina Silica

Hasil foto SEM struktur mikro kwarsa, mullite dan alumina (korundum)

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Refraktori Silika

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia
2019
University of
Silica Brick
Indonesia

Silika digunakan
Refractory Highsebagai
Dutyrefraktori
Silica
Kriteria
 SiO2 :tinggi
 SiO2 > 95%
 Al2O3 dan alkali rendah
Al2O3< 1 %
Ukuran
 alkali 3 butir
% kristalnya kecil
 Porositas rendah
Bahan Baku Silika Brick :
 Ganister (~ 98% SiO2 )
 Quartzite
 Sand

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Silica Brick
Indonesia

Alotropi dari silika

 (573 C)Trydimite (867 C)kristobalite
 TL (1783 C)

Sifat:
Peka terhadap pemanasan & pendinginan yang
cepat sekitar 400oC. Jadi pemanasan dan
pendinginan harus dilakukan dengan perlahan-
lahan

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Indonesia

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Silica Brick
Indonesia

Sifat utama refraktori silika:

Nilai RUL nya tinggi
krn ikatan tridimite
kekuatannya dapat dipertahankan sampai
mendekati titik leburnya

Refractoriness :1710 OC
1730 OC  high duty silika
RUL :1630 OC Lebih
1670 – 1700 OC  high duty silika mahal

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Silica Brick
Indonesia

Thermal expansion :
- sangat rendah
- > 300 C , spalling resistance baik (gambar )
Ketahanan slag :
 thd asam sangat baik
 permeabilitas , krn porositas
 high duty silika : 45% porosity
Density : Ringan (1,7 gr /cm)
cocok untuk roof (s/d 1600 OC)

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

University of
Silica Brick
Indonesia

Penggunaan refraktori silika

 Roof s/d temp 1600 OC
 Dinding dapur pemb. Kokas (1400 OC)
 Berbagai keperluan

Dengan batasan  sifat spalling-nya < 300

o
C  buruk
Tidak diinginkan range penggunaan < 300 0C

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering