Anatomy practical 1

(Anatomy of Bones, Joints & Muscles of upper limb)

By :
Osama Al-
Zahrani

@OSAMA_
Z96
Bones
 Anatomy of Bones (Clavicle)

Type : Long bone.

Joint : Sternoclavicular joint with sternum & acromioclavicular joint with scapula.

Clinical significance :
Acromioclavicular dislocation.
Degeneration of the clavicle.
Sternoclavicular dislocations.

Description : Long bone

has 2 ends (Medial &
Lateral) and 1 shaft, the
medial end attached to the
sternum making
sternoclavicular joint, and
the lateral end attached to
acromion process of the
scapula making
acromioclavicular joint.
 Anatomy of Bones (Scapula)
Acromion Acromion
process process
Spine process
Coracoid
Process

Glenoid
fossa Medial

border

Medial
Lateral
border Lateral
border
border

Type : Flat bone.

Borders : Triangular flat bone has 3 Borders (Superior border, Lateral axillary border, Medial vertebral
border).

Clinical significance : Winged scapula : Protruding inferior angle of the scapula

 Anatomy of Bones (Humerus)
Greater
Tuberosity
Type : Long Head of
humerus
bone. Lesser
Tuberosity
Joint : Anatomical Surgical
Intertubercular neck
-Shoulder joint (Glenohumeral joint), neck
groove
-Elbow joint (Capitulum of the humerus with upper surface of
radius, and the Trochlea of the humerus with trochlear notch of
the ulna).
Spiral groove
Structure related to :
1Axillary nerve in the surgical neck. Deltoid Tuberosity
Deltoid
Tuberosity
2Ulnar nerve in the medial epicondyle.
3- Radial nerve in the spiral groove.

Clinical significance :
- Fracture of surgical neck can cause axillary nerve damage.
- Fracture of medial epicondyle can cause ulnar nerve
damage.
- Fracture of spiral groove can cause radial nerve damage.
Medial
epicondyle
Capitulum
Trochlea
 Anatomy of Bones (Radius)
The Radius is the Lateral of the two bone.

Type : Long bone.

Joint :
- Elbow joint (Capitulum of the humerus with upper surface of Head of radius (Upper end) Head of radius
(Upper end)
radius).
- Upper and lower radioulnar joint. Radial tuberosity

- Wrist joint (Radiocarpal joint).

Clinical significance :
- Feeling of the radial artery pulsation.

Note : in the movement of forearm, the Radius is movable.

Styloid process

Styloid process
 Anatomy of Bones (Ulna)

The Ulna is the Medial of the two bone.

Type : Long bone.

Olecranon process

Coronoid process
Joint :
- Elbow joint (Trochlea of the humerus with trochlear notch of the
ulna).
- Upper and lower radioulnar joint.
Note : in the movement of forearm, the ulna is fixed.

Styloid process
Anatomy of Bones (Hand)

Distal phalanges

Intermediate phalanges

Proximal phalanges

Metacarpals

Carpals
Joints
 Anatomy of Joints (Sternoclavicular joint)
Articulation :
Between the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle
bone.

Type :
Synovial double-plane joint.

Ligament :
Sternoclavicular ligaments.

Nerve supply :
Supraclavicular nerve.

Movements :
- Forward and backward.
- Elevation and depression.

Clinical significance :
- Posterior dislocation.
- Partial dislocation.
 Anatomy of Joints (Acromioclavicular joint)
Articulation :
Between the acromion of the scapula and the lateral end of the
clavicle.

Type :
Synovial plane joint.

Ligament :
Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments.

Nerve supply :
Suprascapular nerve.

Movements :
Gliding movement.

Clinical significance :
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Muscle related to this joint :

Deltoid muscle.
 Anatomy of Joints Shoulder joint (Glenohumeral joint)
Articulation :
Between the head of humerus and the glenoid fossa of
scapula.

Type :
Synovial ball-and-socket joint.

Ligament :
- Glenohumeral ligaments.
- Coracohumeral ligament.

Nerve supply :
The axillary and suprascapular nerve.

Movements :
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction,
Medial & Lateral rotation,
Circumduction.

Clinical significance :
- Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint.
- Frozen shoulder.

Muscles and nerve related to this

joint :
Subscapularis muscle, and brachial
plexus.
 Anatomy of Joints (Elbow joint)
Articulation :
Between the Capitulum of the humerus & upper surface of radius,
and between the Trochlea of the humerus & trochlear notch of the
ulna .

Type :
Synovial hinge joint.

Ligament :
Lateral & Medial ligaments.

Nerve supply :
Branches from the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and radial
nerves.

Movements :
Flexion & Extension.

Muscles and nerve related to this joint :

Brachialis, Triceps & Biceps muscles, and Median & Ulnar nerves.
 Anatomy of Joints (Proximal Radioulnar Joint)
Articulation :
Between the head of the radius and the anular ligament and the radial
notch on the ulna.

Type :
Synovial pivot joint.

Ligament :
Anular ligament.

Nerve supply :
Median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves.

Movements :
Pronation & supination of the forearm.

Muscles and nerve related to this joint :

Supinator muscle and the radial nerve.
 Anatomy of Joints (Distal Radioulnar
Articulation : Joint)
Between the rounded head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the
radius.

Type :
Synovial pivot joint.

Ligament :
Anterior & posterior ligaments.

Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial nerve.

Movements :
Pronation & supination of the forearm.
 Anatomy of Joints (Wrist Joint or Radiocarpal Joint)
Articulation :
Between the distal end of the radius and the articular disc above and the
scaphoid.

Type :
Synovial ellipsoid joint.

Ligament :
- Anterior & posterior ligaments.
- Medial & Lateral ligaments.

Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial nerve.

Movements :
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction.
 Anatomy of Joints (Hand joints)
* (Intercarpal Joints)
Articulation :
Between the small 8 bones.

Type :
Synovial plane joints.

Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial ulnar nerves.

Movements :
Small amount of gliding movement.

* (Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb)

Articulation :
Between the trapezium and the saddle-shaped base of the first metacarpal
bone.

Type :
Synovial saddle-shaped joint.

Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial ulnar nerves.

Movements :
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation (opposition).
 Anatomy of Joints (Hand joints)
* (Metacarpophalangeal Joints)
Articulation :
Between the heads of the metacarpal bones and the bases of the proximal
phalanges.

Type :
Synovial condyloid joints.

Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial ulnar nerves.

Movements :
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction.

* (Interphalangeal Joint)
Articulation :
Between the proximal, middle & distal Phalanges.

Type :
Synovial hinge joint.

Nerve supply :
Interosseous & Radial ulnar nerves.

Movements :
Flexion, Extension.
Muscles
Anatomy of Muscle

Biceps

Brachialis

Deltoid

Triceps
 Anatomy of Muscle

Triceps
Brachialis
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Subscapularis

Flexor digitorum
profundus
Biceps

Deltoid
Anatomy of Muscle
 Anatomy of Muscle (Subscapularis)

Subscapularis
Subscapularis
Anatomy of Muscle (Subscapularis)

Subscapularis
 Anatomy of Muscle (Subscapularis)
Origin :
Subscapular fossa.

Insertion :
Lesser tubercle of humerus.

Nerve innervation :
Upper & lower subscapular nerve.

Action :
Medially rotate arm & stabilizes shoulder
joint.
 Anatomy of Muscle (Deltoid)

Deltoid

Deltoid
 Anatomy of Muscle (Deltoid)
Origin :
The anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine
of the scapula.

Insertion :
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

Nerve innervation :
Axillary nerve.

Action :
Shoulder abduction, flexion and extension.

Antagonist :
Latissimus dorsi.
Anatomy of Muscle (Biceps)

Long head

Biceps
Short head

Medial nerve

Ulnar nerve
 Anatomy of Muscle (Biceps)
Short head

Musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps
Median nerve

Radial ner

Ulnar nerve
Anatomy of Muscle (Biceps)

Biceps
 Anatomy of Muscle (Biceps)
Origin :
Long head : Supraglenoid tubercle of
scapula. Short head : Coracoid process of
scapula.

Insertion :
Tuberosity of radius and bicipital
aponeurosis into deep fascia of forearm.

Nerve innervation :
Musculocutaneous nerve.

Action :
- Supinator of forearm.
- Flexor of elbow joint.
- Weak flexor of shoulder joint.

Antagonist :
Triceps.
 Anatomy of Muscle (Triceps)

Lateral head

Medial head
Long head
Radial nerve

Tricep
s
 Anatomy of Muscle (Triceps)
Origin :
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of
scapula Lateral head: above the radial
sulcus Medial head: below the radial
sulcus

Insertion :
Olecranon process of ulna.

Nerve innervation :
Radial nerve.

Action :
Extensor of elbow joint.

Antagonist :
Biceps.
Anatomy of Muscle (Brachialis)

Medial nerve

Ulnar nerve
 Anatomy of Muscle (Brachialis)

Musculocutaneous nerve

Brachialis
Median nerve

Radial nerve

Ulnar nerve
Anatomy of Muscle (Brachialis)

Brachialis
 Anatomy of Muscle (Brachialis)
Origin :
Anterior surface of the humerus.

Insertion :
Coronoid process and the tuberosity of the
ulna.

Nerve innervation :
Musculocutaneous nerve.

Action :
Flexion at elbow joint.