Teknologi Dan Rekayasa

HAND TOOLS
 LINE MARKERS

 Objective :
After studying this unit, the student should
be able to
1. Identify and describe the various line
markers
2. Explain the difference between the prick
punch and center punch
3. Use the markers correctly
 LINE MARKERS

 Marking tools must be able to scribe a line,

circle, or arc permanently on a metal sheet so
that the worker can follow it accurately with his
cut. Prick punches and center punches are
markers which permanently locate points,
centers, and pattern outlines.
 Markers are made with hardened steel points
for wearing quality and accuracy. Other
marking devices, such as the soapstone and
felt tipped pen, are used in installation work
when marking is needed only for identification
purposes.
 THE SCRATCH AWL
 Scratch awl are available in lengths ranging from 5½
to 9 inches. Handles are made of wood, steel or
plastic. The pointed blades are long and cylindrical,
and measure from 1/8 to ¼ inches in diameter. They
are heat treated to hold needle point. The points can
be sharpened on a grinding wheel when necessary.
 HOW TO USE A SCRATCH AWL

1. Hold the scratch awl as if holding a pencil

2. Mark the line location at two points on the
metal surface
3. Place a straightedge on the location points
4. Draw a line with the scratch along the
straightedge.
HOW TO USE A SCRATCH AWL
DIVIDER
 Dividers are available in 6, 8,
and 10 inch lengths. They are
adjusted to the desired
dimension by a wingnut lock
or screw. The points are heat
treated steel to hold
sharpness. Resharpening can
done on the grinding wheel.
Dividers are used for scribing
circles or arcs as large as 48
inches in diameter. Other
uses are line, arc, and circle
division, and line transfer on a
lay out.
THE TRAMMEL
 When circle or arcs larger than 48 inches must
be scribed on a surface, a trammel is used. The
trammel can be obtained with an adjustable
sliding mechanism, and individual trammel
points can be fastened to a rod of any desired
length.

center
 HOW TO USE A DIVIDER OR TRAMMEL

1. Locate the center of the

circle or arc on the stock
2. Indent the center with a
prick punch or scratch awl.
3. Adjust the points of the
dividers or trammel to the
desired radius and secure
4. Place one point in the
center location as a pivot
5. Rotate the other point by
hand to scribe a circle
 THE PRICK PUNCH

 The prick punch is made of tool steel

which is hardened and drawn to hold
a long, sharp, point. The conical point
is ground to an included angle of 30
degrees like that of the scratch awl.
The prick punch is very useful for
transferring pattern on sheet metal
surfaces and for punching hole
centers.
 HOW TO USE A PRICK PUNCH

1. Scribe the points to be marked on the

stock
2. Hold the prick punch vertical to the
stock surface with the point on the
scribed location.
3. Tap the head of the punch lightly with
a hammer
 THE CENTER PUNCH

 Center punch are very similar to the prick

punch. They are also made of tool steel and
are available in the same lengths and
diameters as prick punches. The center
punch differs only in respect to its point
which is blunter than that of the prick punch
and has an included angle of 90 degrees.
The purposes of this tool are to mark hole
centers and enlarge prick punch marks for
drilling.
HOW TO USE A CENTER PUNCH

1. Place the center punch so that it is vertical to the

hole center location
2. Tap the head of the punch sharply with a hammer.

CAUTION :
If the mark is made slightly off center, correct it by
tipping the punch and hitting it towards the correct
center.
USE A PRICK PUNCH AND CENTER PUNCH

60° 90°
USE A PRICK PUNCH AND CENTER PUNCH