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10metabolism of Protein
10metabolism of Protein
Roshan Ali
Assistant Professor
IBMS, KMU
Course Contents
• Metabolism of Protein
• Review the digestion and absorption of Proteins
• Nitrogen balance
• General pathway of Protein metabolism
• De-amination
Digestion
and
Absorption
of
Proteins
stomach,
pancreas
small intestine.
HCL
and 4 proteolytic enzymes:
Pepsin,
Rennin,
Gastriscin and
Gelatinase.
13
Biochemistry for Medics
Role of Trypsin
- Enterokinase
- Amino peptidases
- Prolidase
• In transamination, the NH2 group on one molecule is exchanged with the =O group on the
other molecule. The amino acid becomes a keto acid, and the keto acid becomes an amino
acid.
aminotransferase
aminotransferasa
pyridoxalfosfát
pyridoxal phosphate
2-oxokyselina
2-oxo acid glutamát
glutamate
32
DEAMINATION
• Deamination is the removal of an amine group from a molecule.
Hydrolytic deamination:
Intramolecular deamination:
glutamate
detoxication dehydrogenation + deamination
in other tissues
glutamine NH3
deamidation
in kidney detoxication in liver
2-oxoglutarate + NH4+
(excretion by urine)
37
Introduction of Urea
• Discovered in 1727
• By Dutch scientist Herman Boerhaave
• In 1828, the German chemist Friedrich Wohler obtained urea artificial
• By treating silver cyanate with ammonium chloride.
AgNCO + NH4Cl → (NH2)2CO + AgCl
Introduction of Urea (cont.…)
• This was the first time an organic compound was artificially synthesized from
inorganic starting materials, without the involvement of living organisms.
• Wohler said
"I must tell you that I can make urea without the use of kidneys, either man or dog.
Ammonium cyanate is urea."
Introduction of Urea (cont.…)
• For this discovery, Wohler is considered by many the father of organic chemistry.
Urea Cycle
Urea Cycle
• Also known as “ornithine cycle”
• In mammals, the urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver, and to a lesser extent in
the kidney.
Urea Cycle (cont.…)
• Urea is synthesized in the liver