Basic Biomass Power Plant Efficiency

Biomass Heating Value

Fuel Moisture (%) Lower Heating Value (kJ/kg) (AR) Higher Heating Value (kJ/kg) (AR)
(AR)

Woodchip 45 8,820 1100

Rice Husk 12 13020 14500

Bagasse 55 7140 9200

EFB 60 7120 9130

* This is indicative value only. Accurate value shall be tested by certified laboratory
 Ideal Rankin Cycle on T-S Diagram
2-3 water from feed water pump is
heated up temperature @ constant
pressure to be rated steam
nt
condition sta (3)
Con
P

3-4 steam is expanded its pressure

Temperature

in steam turbine . Steam pressure

gradually decrease in each stage of
4-1 low pressure mixing steam is turbine blade. Super heated steam
extracted its energy by cooling @3 become low pressure mixing
system . Then mixing steam become steam @4
(2)
liquid phase “condensate water”
P Constant
(4)
(1)

1-2, condensate water pressure is

increased by feed water pump to Entropy
boiler rated pressure (2)
 Power Plant Equipment
(3)

Work Output
Steam Turbine G (Electricity)
Energy Input (Fuel)

Boiler

(4)
Plant
  Efficiency (ɳ) =

Plant
  Heat Rate = kJ/kWh
Condenser

(2)

(1)

BFWP
 Energy Input and Work Output
•water
Energy input is fuel fed into boiler then combust and release energy to boil
  to from liquid phase to vapor phase (typically refer to super heated
steam)
Example: boiler consume 15 T/H of wood chip to generate steam. It is
equivalent to

Work Output is electricity generated from steam turbine generator

Example: from 15 T/H of woodchip, steam turbine generator produces
electricity 9900 kW

Plant Efficiency is = = = 26.93%

Plant Heat Rate =
 Effecting parameter on plant efficiency

• Boiler Efficiency
• Steam Turbine and Generator Efficiency
• Condenser Efficiency
• Cooling Tower Efficiency
 Boiler Efficiency
Steam 79.5%

Loss from moisture in fuel 7 %

Loss from H2 in Fuel 6%

Boiler
Loss in dry flue gas 5 %
Efficiency
79.5%
Fuel 100% Loss from Unburn Carbon 2%

Loss from CO 0.3 %

Loss from radiation 0.2%

 Admission loss Steam

Leakage loss

Friction loss

Aerodynamic loss
Steam Turbine

Leakage loss

Exhaust loss
Steam Turbine Efficiency
Condenser Efficiency

- Less cooling water flow rate

- Fouling on tube
Condenser - Incondensable gas
- Overheat duty
Cooling Tower Efficiency
Hot Air

Hot Water

- Evaporation loss
- Drift loss
- Blow down loss
- Etc.
Cold Air

Cold Water
Heat and Mass Balance Diagram
 Heat and Mass Balanced Diagram
• Conceptual Design
• Off Design Analysis
• What-if Analysis
• Off-line and On-line Performance Monitoring