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(STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS)
BANGUNAN LEPAS PANTAI TERPANCANG
IN-PLACE AND SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Oleh:
Ir. Murdjito, MSc.Eng
Dosen Jurusan Teknik Kelautan
Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya
Outline
ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR
CYLINDRICAL MEMBERS
INPLACE ANALYSIS
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Design Analysis
Static Analysis
Pile Analysis
Fatigue Analysis
Seismic Analysis
Loadout Analysis
Transportation Analysis
Installation/Stability Analysis
Pile Driven Analysis
Steel Properties
The mechanical steel properties are:
Young modulus E = 29000 ksi,
Shear modulus G = 11200 ksi
Poisson ratio ν = 0.3
Volumetric mass ρ = 490 lb/ft3
Steel grades and Yield
All tubular < 18” Ø ASTM A53 / API 5L Grade B Fy = 35 ksi
All tubular ³ 18” Ø ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi
Rolled sections (WF, Channel etc) ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi
Joint Classification
Joint classification is
subdivided into K, X, and
Y components
The classification can be
a mixture between the
above three joint types
Joint detailing is an
essential element of joint
design
Axial Compression
Buckling
Elastic Local Buckling Stress.
Torsional Shear
CYLINDRICAL MEMBERS
INPLACE ANALYSIS
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
In-Place Analysis
In-place analysis is performed to determine the MOST
adverse effects that occur in the strcture members and piles
for operational and storm environmental events
Operatinal platform deck loads are combined with the
environmental loads to form directional load combination
that are applied to the global structure
Loads considerations
– All directional opearating environmental loads combined with
topside loading
– All directional storm environmental oads combined with topside
loading
In-place analysis covers:
– Modal analysis
– In-place operating (1-year return) condition
– In-place storm (100-year return) condition
Method of Analysis
Structural analyses comprise of static linear analyses
of a 3-D space frame computer model
Pile connections to mudline is pilehead
Several combinations of the elementary loads are
considered in order to determine the worst case
scenario for each member and to size accordingly
Member and joints stress checking is performed
according to the AISC 9th ed and API RP 2 A WSD
or relevant standards
Platform Structural Model in-place analysis
El. + 32.00
1 2 1 C02 2
D03
Cellar Deck B B
22
El. + 15.00
Working Point
50’-0” D01 D01 C03 C03
50’-0”
D03 C02
A A
30’-0” 30’-0”
C02 16 WF 36 448.0
C03 24 WF 100 3000.0
D01 33 WF 130 6710.0
D03 21 WF 62 1330.0
Column:
Environmental Loads
– Environmental loads consist of wave, current and wind loads
assumed to act simultaneously in the same direction.
– In general eight wave incidences are selected; for each the
position of the crest relative to the platform must be
established such that the maximum overturning moment
and/or shear are produced at the mudline.
Loading Combinations
– The static in-place analysis is performed under different
conditions where the loads are approximated by their pseudo-
static equivalent.
– The basic loads relevant to a given condition are multiplied by
the appropriate load factors and combined to produce the most
severe effect in each individual element of the structure.
Load Generation
Load categories:
– Functional Load
Due to operational function of the structures
– Installation loads
Experienced by installation phase
DEAD Structural Selfweight 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
DKLV Deck Liveload 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
DKPL Deck Plate & Grating 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
EQPT Deck Equipment Load 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
HDLV Helideck Live Load 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
HDRL Handrail Load 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
SCLV Subcellar Deck Live Load 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
WLLV W ellhead Area Live Load 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
CRTZ Crane Hook Load 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
APPR Jacket Appurtenance Load 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
CRMX Crane Moment (-) X-Dir 0.70 1.00 0.70 -0.70 -1.00 -0.70 1.00 -1.00 1.00
CRMY Crane Moment (+) Y-Dir 1.00 0.72 -0.72 -1.00 -0.72 0.72 1.00 -1.00
O000 Ope. Env. Load at 0.00 Deg 1.00 1.00
O045 Ope. Env. Load at 45.0 Deg 1.00
O090 Ope. Env. Load at 90.0 Deg 1.00 1.00
O135 Ope. Env. Load at 135. Deg 1.00
O180 Ope. Env. Load at 180. Deg 1.00 1.00
O225 Ope. Env. Load at 225. Deg 1.00
O270 Ope. Env. Load at 270. Deg 1.00 1.00
O315 Ope. Env. Load at 315. Deg 1.00
RIG1 Operating W orkover Rig At W ell No. 1
RIG3 Operating W orkover Rig At W ell No. 3
RIG7 Operating W orkover Rig At W ell No. 7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
RIG9 Operating W orkover Rig At W ell No. 9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Outline
ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR
CYLINDRICAL MEMBERS
INPLACE ANALYSIS
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Earthquakes
Two levels of earthquake intensity:
– strength level (SLE)
– ductility level (DLE)/ rare intense earthquake (REI) .
SLE: reasonable likelihood of not being exceeded
during the platform's life (mean recurrence interval ~
200 - 500 years), the structure is designed to respond
elastically.
DLE/ REI : maximum credible earthquake at the site,
the structure is designed for inelastic response and to
have adequate reserve strength to avoid collapse.
API-RP2A recommends: X, Y, 0.5 Z
DNV rules: 0,7X, O,7 Y and 0,5 Z
The value of a max and often the spectral shapes are
determined by site specific seismological studies. 401
Procedures of Seismic/ earthquake Analysis
The scope of earthquake design is to check the adequacy
of the jacket, topsides, piles, pile capacity and joint can
thickness as per API RP 2A WSD
The dynamic analysis including modal analysis is to
determine the natural modes of vibration of the structure
and the associated periods. Of particular importance in
determining the natural period is the stiffness of the
structure (and its foundations) and the mass distribution
over the structure.
A uniform modal damping will be used to compute the
earthquake forces.
The platform in-place model will be used and no wind or
wave loading will be considered along with earthquake
design.
The 100% open live load as per in-place analysis for the
operating (1year) storm condition is to be considered in the
earthquake design.
The design water depth shall be considered based on MSL.
The pile/soil interaction is represented by a separate
stiffness matrix
Modal response shall be combined using the complete
quadratic combination method (CQC) and thereafter,
directional responses shall be combined using the square
root of the sum of squares (SRSS) method.
Procedure Seismic Analysis
START
B
Environmental data A
Structural Equipments,
(water depth), soil &
geometry & live load &
seismic data
material data dead loads
Seismic environmental
data (response spectrum
Loading conditions & curve)
loading combinations
A List output
B
END
Main Steps Response Spectrum Analyses
Static & Superelement Analyses:
– Generate super element as linearized pile foundation.
– Carrying out a static analysis of gravity loads.
Dynamic Response Analyses:
– Carrying out a dynamic modal analysis to derive the first modal
periods and associated modal shapes (i.e. eigenvalues and
eigenvectors)
– Carrying out seismic response spectrum analysis
Earthquake Analyses:
– Combining internal forces generated by the earthquake with gravity
forces occurring in the in-place conditions
Post Analyses:
– Checking for member element and nodes stress.
Single Pile Analyses
– Checking for pile stress and axial capacity
Response Spectra—Spectra Normalized to 1.0 Gravity
Damping correction
factor:
D = -ln (/100)/ln(20)
: damping ratio
For 2 10
References:
McClelland, B and Reifel, M.D., “Planning and Design of
Fixed Offshore Platforms,” Van Nostrand Reinhold Co,
New York, 1986
Wardenier, J: Offshore and Hydraulic Steel Structures Vol
1”, X3CT2, Delft University of Technology, 1985
Dawson, TH, “Offshore Structural Engineering”, Prentice
Hall, 1983
API RP 2A WSD 21st Edition, Recommended Practice for
Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore
Platforms—Working Stress Design, 2010
CICO, Attaka “CP” platform In-service structural analysis
For Requalification, 2013
McDermott, Structural Design Basis for Substructure
WHP, 2014