PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 1
PREPARED BY: MS. ELLA M. CASIMIRO & MR. JHUL MHEL V. SONIO
 CHAPTER 5
UNDERSTANDING DATA AND
WAYS TO SYSTEMATICALLY
COLLECT DATA
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

• Design is a word which means a plan or something that is

conceptualized by the mind.
• A choice of a research design requires you to finalize your
mind on the purpose, philosophical basis, and types of
data of your research, including your method of
collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting the
data. It is a plan that directs your mind to several stages
of your research work. (De Mey 2013)
 Types of Research Design
1. Case Study
To do a research study based on this research design is to describe a person, a thing, or any creature on Earth for the purpose of
explaining the reasons behind the nature of its existence.
2. Ethnography
A qualitative research design called ethnography involves a study of a certain cultural group or organization in which you, the
researcher, to obtain knowledge about the characteristics, organizational set-up, and relationships of the group members, must
necessarily involve you in their group activities.
3. Historical Study
This qualitative research design tells you the right research method to determine the reasons for changes or permanence of
things in the physical world in a certain period (i.e., years, decades, or centuries).
4. Phenomenology
A phenomenon is something you experience on Earth as a person.
5. Grounded Theory
A research study adhering to a grounded theory research design aims at developing a theory to increase your understanding of
something in a psycho-social context.
 SAMPLING

•In research, sampling is a word that

refers to your method or process of
selecting respondents or people to
answer questions meant to yield data
for a research study.
 Probability Sampling or Unbiased Sampling
•Probability sampling involves all members listed in the sampling frame
representing a certain population focused on by your study.
1.Simple Random Sampling - Simple random sampling is the best type of
probability sampling through which you can choose sample from a
population.
2.Systematic Sampling - For this kind of probability sampling, chance and
system are the ones to determine who should compose the sample.
3.Stratified Sampling - The group comprising the sample is chosen in a way
that such group is liable to subdivision during the data analysis stage.
4.Cluster Sampling - This is a probability sampling that makes you isolate a
set of persons instead of individual members to serve as sample members.
 Non-Probability Sampling
•Non-probability sampling disregards random selection of subjects.
1.Quota Sampling - You resort to quota sampling when you think you know the characteristics of
the target population very well.
2.Voluntary Sampling - Since the subjects you expect to participate in the sample selection are the
ones volunteering to constitute the sample, there is no need for you to do any selection process.
3.Purposive or Judgmental Sampling - You choose people whom you are sure could correspond to
the objectives of your study, like selecting those with rich experience or interest in your study.
4.Availability Sampling - The willingness of a person as your subject to interact with you counts a
lot in this non-probability sampling method.
5.Snowball Sampling - Similar to snow expanding widely or rolling rapidly, this sampling method
does not give a specific set of samples.
THANK YOU!!!