OPERATION SCHEDULING

PREPARED BY ARUNESH PATHAK

SUBMITED TO PROF PARTH SHETH
 INTRODUCTION

• SCHEDULING IS THE PROCESS OF ARRANGING, CONTROLLING AND OPTIMIZING

WORK AND WORKLOADS IN A PRODUCTION PROCESS OR MANUFACTURING
PROCESS. … IN MANUFACTURING, THE PURPOSE OF SCHEDULING IS TO MINIMIZE
THE PRODUCTION TIME AND COSTS, BY TELLING A PRODUCTION FACILITY WHEN
TO MAKE, WITH WHICH STAFF, AND ON WHICH EQUIPMENT.
 OPERATION SCHEDULING GOALS

MAXIMIZE RESOURCES UTILIZATION

• MANUFACTURING TIME REDUCTION
• INVENTORY MINIMIZATION
• OPTIMIZING EFFICIENCY OF LABOUR
• SERVICE LEVEL IMPROVEMENT
 A PLANNING TOOLS FOR SHORT TERM
SCHEDULING

PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE USE OF NEW INFORMATION AS WE

APPROACH REAL TIME

A METHODOLOGY TO FINE TUNE PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING DUE TO

OCCURRENCE OF RANDOM EVENT
• ENABLES ORGANIZATION TO FOCUS ON MICRO RESOURCES A SINGLE MACHINE,
A SET OF WORKER AND SO ON. SUCH A FOCUS IS NEITHER POSSIBLE NOR
WARRANTED AT THE MEDIUM OR LONG TERM PLANNING
 WORK CENTER
AN AREA IN A BUSINESS IN WHICH
PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES ARE ORGANISED
AND WORK IS COMPLETED
WORK CENTER SCHEDULING OBJECTIVES

MEET DUES DATE

MINIMIZE LEAD TIME

MINIMIZE SETUP TIME OR COST

• MINIMIZE WORK IN PROCESS INVENTORY
 CAPACITY AND SCHEDULING

• INFINITE LOADING • FORWARD SCHEDULING

• FINITE LOADING • BACKWARD SCHEDULING
 SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES

FORWARD SCHEDULING BACKWARD SCHEDULING

• START WHEN THE ORDER IS RECEIVED USES MRP LOGIC
• MAY FINISH EARLY SCHEDULE LAST OPERATION TO BE
• USED TO DETERMINE THE EARLIEST COMPLETE ON THE DUE DATE
COMPLETION DATE • SCHEDULE PREVIOUS OPERATION
• BUILDS INVENTORY BACK FROM THE LAST OPERATION
• REDUCES INVENTORY
• FORWARD SCHEDULING
• BACKWARD SCHEDULING

B E
B E

Today
Due date Due
Today date
 ABSENCE OF PROPER SCHEDULING

Delays in meeting the due dates

of customer order No accurate information available for the
current status of job
 CONTINUE…..

High work-in-process Higher cost of

inventory production/operation
 CONTINUE…..

Low utilization of workers

High average completion
and machine ( high idle
time in job
time)
 SCHEDULING CONTEXT
NUMBER OF JOBS

• NUMBER OF MACHINE

• SHOP CONFIGURATION

• FLOW SHOP

• JOB SHOP

CELLULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

• JOB PRIORITIES

• FCFS,SPT,LPT,EDD,CR,RANDOM

• PERFORMANCE MEASURES

• DUE DATES BASED, LATENESS, TARDINESS

• COMPLETION BASED, FLOW TIME , MAKE SPAN

• INVENTORY/ COST BASED

 PURE FLOW SHOP
• A PURE FLOW SHOP IS ONE IN WHICH ALL THE JOBS VISIT ALL THE MACHINE IN THE
SAME ORDER ( BEGINNING AT MACHINE 1 AND ENDING AT MACHINE N )

• JOBS Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine

Machine 3
N
 JOB SHOP
• IN A JOB SHOP SOME JOBS ARE ALLOWED TO SKIP MACHINE IN BETWEEN .. IN A
JOB SHOP MACHINE ARE NOT ORGANIZED IN ANY PROCESSING ORDER RATHER
SIMILAR TYPE OF RESOURCES IS GROUPED TOGETHER.
 SCHEDULING RULES
SHORTEST PROCESSING TIME ( SPT )
CHOOSES THE JOB WITH THE LEAST PROCESSING TIME AMONG THE COMPETING
LIST AND SCHEDULES IT AHEAD OF THE OTHERS
•

LONGEST PROCESSING TIME ( LPT )

• THE JOB WITH THE LONGEST TIME IS SCHEDULED AHEAD OF OTHER COMPETING
JOBS.
 CONTD….

EARLIEST DUE DATE (EDD )

• ESTABLISHES PRIORITIES ON THE BASIS OF THE DUE DATE FOR THE JOBS .

FIRST CUM FIRST SERVED ( FCFS )

• SCHEDULES JOBS SIMPLY IN THEIR ORDER OF JOB ARRIVAL .

RANDOM ORDER ( RAN )

• ASSIGN PRIORITIES TO JOBS ON A RANDOM BASIC .
 CRITICAL RATIO ( CR )
• CRITICAL RATIO ESTIMATES THE CRITICALITY OF THE JOB BY COMPUTING A
SIMPLE RATIO USING PROCESSING TIME INFORMATION AND DUE DATE . A
SMALLER VALUE OF CR INDICATES THAT THE JOB IS MORE CRITICAL.