Gas Laws

Kinetic theory of
gases

Gases occupy entire space in the container.

Because intermolecular attraction is very less and hence they keep going far apart from each other till the space
available

Gases can be compressed easily

Because they have maximum

intermolecular space, hence their
volume can decreased
 Gas Laws
Kinetic theory of gases

Two or more gases readily mix with each other

forming homogenous mixture

Gases have minimum density Because they have maximum intermolecular

space
Because they have very less
mass per unit volume
 Gas Laws
Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases

1. Composition of gases: Made of tiny particles – Move in different directions with different speeds
Kinetic theory of
2. Gases have neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape – Negligible force of attraction
gases
3. Gases exert pressure in all directions – Collision amongst themselves and on the walls – Same
pressure by all gases

4. Gases are highly compressible – High intermolecular space

5. Gases are highly expansible – Increase in volume with decrease in pressure and increase in
temperature

6. Gases have low density – Compared to liquids and solids – high intermolecular space

7. Gases have natural tendency to mix with each other – Diffusion in one another forming
homogenous mixture

8. Gases can be liquified – Cooling reduces kinetic energy of molecules- increase in pressure brings
them closer
 Gas Laws
Relation of Temperature, Pressure and
Volume

1. Molecules of gases are constantly moving

2. They have kinetic energy
3. Average kinetic energy is proportional to absolute temperature
4. Temperature increases, molecular motion increases and vice-versa
5. So when the temperature becomes zero molecular motion freezes
6. On kelvin scale it is ‘Absolute zero’ ( which is -273 degrees Celsius)
7. Due to collisions, molecules exert pressure on the walls of container.
8. The force exerted on unit area of the wall of the vessel is equal to pressure of the gas
 Gas Laws
Relation of Temperature, Pressure and
Volume

1. The force exerted on unit area of the wall of the vessel is equal
to pressure of the gas
2. If temperature of gas is increased (keeping volume constant),
then kinetic energy of molecule increases
3. Speed of molecules increases
4. Molecules strike the wall with greater momentum (m X v)
5. Rate of collision also increases
6. Results into increase in pressure
7. If walls of vessel are movable, gas expands
 Gas Laws
Quantities and units

Temperature Volume Pressure

Celsius ⁰C Mililiter ml Atmosphere atm
Kelvin K Cubic centimeter cm cm of Mercury cmHg
3
__________ Litre L Mm of Mercury
mmHg
K = ⁰C + 273 1 litre = 1000 ml = 1 atm = 76 cmHg =
1000 cm 760 mmHg = 760
3
torr

3 3
1 m = 1000 dm = 1000 L
 Gas Laws
1. Pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume Boyle’s law

2. P ∝ 1/volume

Constant
3. Pressure P = Volume V

4. P X V = Constant

5. P1 V 1 = Constant, P2V2 = Constant; P1 V1 = P2 V2

P1 = Initial pressure, V1 = Initial Volume;
P2 = Final pressure, V2 = Final volume
 Gas Laws
Graphical representation of Boyle’s
law

These graphs are called as ‘isothermic’

 Gas Laws
Significance of Boyle’s
law
1. On increasing pressure, volume of gas decreases
2. The gas becomes denser
3. So at constant temperature, density of gas is directly proportional to pressure of gas
4. At high altitudes, atmospheric pressure is less
5. At high altitudes, density of air is less
6. Oxygen supply becomes less, if density of gas becomes less
7. Hence mountaineers have to carry oxygen cylinders for breathing
 Gas Laws
Numericals of Boyle’s law

1. At constant temperature a gas occupies a volume of 2000cc at pressure of 740 mm of

mercury. Find at what pressure volume of it would become 500 cc.
P1 = 740 mmHg, V1 = 2000 cc; P2 = ? , V2 = 500 cc.
P1 V1 = P2 V2
740 X 2000 = P2 X 500

740 X 2000
P2 =
500

P2 = 2960mmHg