Anatomy & histology of gaster

Gaster = Venticulus = Stomach

• Esophagus – Duodenum
• As shelters of food to be digested become “chyme”
• Regulate the flow of digested food into the small intestine
• Capacity: ± 1.5 liters, can be dilated un til 2-3 liters
• The stomach capacity of newborn baby: ± 30 cc
• The most common is J-shaped

• In the supine position, the stomach commonly lies in the right and left upper
quadrants, or epigastric, umbilical, and left hypochondriac and lumbar regions.
Stomach
Figure 2.30. Abdominal part of esophagus and stomach.
Figure 2.30. Abdominal part of esophagus and stomach.
The muscle layers of the oesophageal and
gastric walls
Peritoneum
 Peritoneum

• The peritoneum (yellow portion) is the largest serous membrane of the body.
• It is a closed sac, containing a small amount of serous fluid, within the abdominal
cavity.
• It provides attachment to organs of the GIT, and acts as a physical barrier to localize
spread of infection.
• It invaginates the stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, and other
pelvic organs.
 Peritoneal Folds

• Peritoneal folds
1. falciform ligament:- attach the liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
2. Greater omentum - "fatty apron", hangs anteriorly from stomach, double layer
encloses fat
3. Lesser omentum - between stomach and liver
4. Mesentery proper - suspends and wraps the small intestine
5. Mesocolon - suspends and wraps the colon, parts are
i. transverse mesocolon
ii. sigmoid mesocolon
 Peritoneal
Folds

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/899/flashcards/7705899/jpg/slide_19-14C5818C78D171F8083-thumb400.jpg
 Peritoneal Formations

• An omentum is a double-layered extension or fold of peritoneum that passes from

the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs in the abdominal
cavity.
• The greater omentum is a prominent peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the
greater curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum (Fig. 2.19A, C, & E).
After descending, it folds back and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its
mesentery.
• The lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the
duodenum to the liver (Fig. 2.19B & D); it also connects the stomach to a triad of structures that
run between the duodenum and liver in the free edge of the lesser omentum (Fig. 2.17).
• Parts of the lesser omentum :
• The hepatogastric ligaments
• The hepatoduodenal ligaments
• The stomach is connected to the:
• Inferior surface of the diaphragm by the gastrophrenic ligament.
• Spleen by the gastrosplenic ligament (gastrolienal ligament), which reflects to the hilum of the
spleen.
• Transverse colon by the gastrocolic ligament, the apron-like part of the greater omentum, which
descends from the greater curvature, turns under, and then ascends to the transverse colon.
 Relations of the Stomach

• The two layers of the lesser omentum extend around the stomach and leave its
greater curvature as the greater omentum.
• The stomach is related to
• Anteriorly: the diaphragm, the left lobe of liver, and the anterior abdominal wall.
• Posteriorly: most of the anterior wall of the omental bursa and the pancreas; (Fig. 2.31A).
• The bed of the stomach:
• which the stomach rests in the supine position, is formed by the structures forming the posterior
wall of the omental bursa.
• From superior to inferior, the stomach bed is formed by the left dome of the diaphragm, spleen,
left kidney and suprarenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, and transverse mesocolon and colon
(Fig. 2.31B).
Figure 2.31. Omental bursa and stomach bed.
Figure 2.31. Omental bursa and stomach bed.
Posterior relations of the stomach.
Artery of stomach
• The stomach has a rich arterial supply arising from the celiac trunk and its
branches.
• Anastomoses formed along the lesser curvature by the right and left gastric
arteries, and along the greater curvature by the right and left gastro-omental
arteries.
• The fundus and upper body receive blood from the short and posterior gastric
arteries.
Arterial Supply to Stomach
 Rami Esophageales
A. Gastrica sinistra
Cabang ke lambung
Arteriae gastrica breves

A. Splenica Cabang-cabang ke dalam lien

Truncus Celiacus Arteria Gastro-omentalis sinistra

A. A. Pancreaticoduodenalis superior
Gasroduodenali
s A. Gastro-omentalis dextra

A. Hepatica communis
Arteria gastrica dextra
A. Hepatica
A. Hepatica sinistra
propria
A. Hepatica dextra
Veins of stomach
• The right and left gastric veins drain into the portal vein
• The short gastric veins and left gastro-omental veins drain into the splenic vein,
which joins the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) to form the portal vein.
• The right gastro-omental vein empties in the SMV.
• A prepyloric vein ascends over the pylorus to the right gastric vein. Because this
vein is obvious in living persons, surgeons use it for identifying the pylorus.
Veins of stomach, duodenum, and spleen