Air University Islamabad

Internal Combustion
Engines
Lecture 1b Introduction

Course Code: ME-461

Semester: 7th A
Instructor: Wajahat Ullah Khan

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ME-461 Internal Combustion Engines Fall 2017

Internal Combustion Engines

The high
pressure and
As the temperature
Thermal gases expand
Energy of the against the
gases piston to
Combustion of
increase, their convert the
fuel increases
pressure and Thermal
the Thermal
temperature Energy into
Energy of the
also increase. Mechanical
gases within
Chemical Energy.
the
Energy in combustion
the fuel. chamber of
the engine.

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Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engine (Piston)

A reciprocating engine is an engine that

uses one or more pistons in order to convert
pressure into rotational motion. They use
the reciprocating (up-and-down) motion of
the pistons to translate this energy.

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Rotary Internal Combustion

Engine
A rotary engine does these sam­e four
jobs which IC Engine do, but each one
happens in its own part of the housing.
It's kind of like having a dedicated
cylinder for each of the four jobs, with
the piston moving continually from one
to the next like a rotary motion inside
the housing to complete the four task
presented in the animation.

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ME-461 Internal Combustion Engines Fall 2017

Internal Combustion Engines -

Classification
 Types of Ignition:
 Spark Ignition (SI): Combustion process in the air-fuel
mixture is started by a spark produced by a spark plug

 Compression Ignition (CI): Combustion process is started

when the air-fuel mixture self ignites due to high
temperature in the combustion chamber.

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Internal Combustion Engines -

Classification
 Engine Cycle:
 Four-Stroke Cycle: A four-stroke cycle has four piston
movements over two engine revolutions for each cycle.
 Two-Stroke Cycle: A two-stroke cycle has two piston
movements over one engine revolution for each cycle.

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ME-461 Internal Combustion Engines Fall 2017

Engine Components

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ME-461 Internal Combustion Engines Fall 2017

A valve train or
valve train is a
mechanical
system that
controls
operation of the
valves in an
internal
combustion
engine

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 ME-461 Internal Combustion Engines Fall 2017

Engine displacement is the combined swept volume (the volume

through which a piston moves as it makes a stroke) of the pistons
inside the cylinders of an engine. It is calculated from the bore
(diameter of the cylinders), stroke (distance the piston travels), and
number of cylinders.
Bore: Diameter of Engine Cylinder.
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Sep 6,
Lecture - 2 20
2016
ME-461 Internal Combustion Engines Fall 2017

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Internal Combustion Engines -

Classification
 Fuel Used:
 Gasoline

 Diesel Oil or Fuel Oil

 Gas, Natural Gas, Methane
 LPG

 Alcohol - Ethyl, Methyl

 Dual Fuel: Engines using combination of fuels
 Gasohol: Common fuel consisting of 90% gasoline
and 10% alcohol.
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ME-461 Internal Combustion Engines Fall 2017

Internal Combustion Engines -

Classification
 Application:
 Automotive, Truck, Bus
 Locomotive
 Marine
 Aircraft
 Small Portable, Chain Saw, Model Airplane
 Type of Cooling
 Air Cooled
 Liquid Cooled, Water Cooled. 28
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