HINDUISM

Hindu is a religion with 1 billion of

people. One of the oldest religion of
all. It is also one of the most
controversial religion because some
says it is not a religion and others say
it is a way of life. Hinduism is the
oldest active religion. Hindu and India
almost came in the same word.
Sanskrit is the ancient language of
the Hindu’s. The India's river was
Sindhu and someone tended to
switch it and became Hindu and
the people living across the river
became Hindus. And some Greeks
change the name Hindu into India.
BRAHMAN- is the universe
and the material that
makes up the universe.
A formless and genderless
source of reality.
 CORE BELIEFS OF HINDU
1. BELIEF IN ONE UNIVERSAL SOUL
Hindus belief in one universal known as
BRAHMAN
BRAHMAN- a formless, gender less source
of reality.
-the universe and the material that makes
up the universe.
2. BELIEF IN AN IMMORTAL INDIVIDUAL SOUL
 in Hinduism, souls are also known as ATMAN
ATMAN- action of the soul while in the body
affects that soul in the next life.
TRANSMIGRATION- when you die, your soul
moves to another new body.
- the kind of body that inhabit next is
determined by KARMA.
3. BELIEF IN KARMA
karma is the action, usually good or
bad actions that affects the
society.
For Hindus, karma is action in past
that affects us today. And our
actions today, affects our soul in
4. BELIEF IN MOSHKA
The goal of Hindu life is soon get back to
Brahman. If a Hindu can do this, they will be
from the cycle of life and death. This is called
MOSHKA.
You can have achieved moshka by realizing
your oneness with Brahman.
HINDU’S PRAY
“LEAD ME FROM THE UNREAL TO REAL”
5. BELIEF IN THE VEDAS
-the Vedas are sacred book of knowledge. And there are
four Veda
THE FOUR VEDA
1. THE RIG VEDA- collection of songs that praise and discuss
ideas like TRUTH, REALITY AND UNIVERSE
2. THE YAJUR VEDA- cover such as official rights and rituals.
3. THE SAMA VEDA- “SAMA” means “sweet songs that
destroys sorrows” mostly songs that are dedicated for
praising God’s.
4. THE ATHARVA VEDA- bunch of curses.
6. BELIEF ON CYCLICAL TIME
-for them, there are no beginnings and
endings. Time is a series of cycle.
Each cycle containing 4 ages/yuga
YUGA: AGES/EPOCH
KALI YUGA, DVAPARA YUGA, TRETA YUGA
AND KRITA YUGA if added together: 4.32
million years
7. BELIEF IN DHARMA
DHARMA- proper behavior contains
balance in the universe (animals,
plants and humans) if this all have
balance, then everything is ok but
if the dharma breaks, everything
will not so fine.
HINDUISM IS NOT A NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATION. THERE IS NO
JESUS OR MOHAMMAD FOR
HINDUS, THERE IS NO BIBLE OR
QURAN. BUT THEY HAVE A
BUNCH OF SACRED TEXTBOOKS.
ISLAMS
ISLAM- monotheistic religion teaching
that there is ONLY ONE GOD (ALLAH)
and that PROPHET MUHAMMAD is the
MESSENGER of GOD.
- Islam teaches that God is merciful,
all powerful and unique.
Islam means Surrender
MUSLIMS- people who follow or practice ISLAM
 
QURAN- a Romanized Quran is the central
religious text of Islam w/c Muslim believes to
be a revelation from God.
SACRED SCRIPTURE of Islam.
 
SACRED SCRIPTURE- the revealed texts or HOLY
WRIT of the words religions.
 BELIEVER- are also called as
Muslims
- they accept surrender to will of
ALLAH
ALLAH- GOD
- viewed as the sole of God (creator,
sustainer, and restorer of the world)
5 PILLARS OF ISLAM- ritual obligation of
Muslims
1st PILLAR- SHAHADAH (PROFESSION OF
FAITH)
the assertion of Muslim faith, combining the
themes of unity and mercy that are evident
in the QURAN.
2 SHAHADAHS: “THERE IS NO GOD BUT GOD”,
& “MUHAMMAD IS THE MESSENGER OF GOD”
2ND PILLAR- ZALAT (PRAYER)
these prayers are very specific type of prayer.
- done 5 times a day at set strict times with the individual facing
the KAABA in MECCA.
KAABA- a building at the center of Islam’s most important mosque
MECCA- city in HEJAZI region of Saudi Arabia
- Muslims must wash before praying
WUDU- (PURIFICATION) washing before praying.
-Islam procedure for cleansing part of the body. Ritual
purification.
Prayers by a series of set positions: BOWING WITH HANDS ON
KNESS, STANDING, PROSTRATING and in a special position.
MOSQUE- place of
worship for Muslims
MUSALLA- informal
and open places
worship
3. ZAKAT (THANKSGIVING)-
Muslims have to deduct a
certain amount of their income
to support the Islamic
community and it usually about
2.5% of individuals’ income.
5 PRINCIPLES THAT SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHEN
GIVING ZAKAT
MUST DECLARE TO GOD HIS INTENTIONS
MUST BE PAID ON THE DAY THAT IT IS DUE
AFTER OFFERING, THE PAYER MUST NOT
EXAGGERATE ON SPENDING HIS MONEY MORE THAN
USUAL MEANS.
PAYMENT MUST BE IN KIND
MUST BE DISTRIBUTED IN THE COMMUNITY FROM
WHICH IT WAS TAKEN
4. SAWN (FASTING)- TAKES PLACE DURING RAMADAN
RAMADAN- holy month in the Islamic calendar
(lunar calendar)
occurs from dawn to sunset each day during which
time believers are expected to prohibit
themselves from FOOD, DRINK, SEXUAL
INTERCOURSE OR SMOKING.
RAMADAN FASTING ends with the “ID-UL-FITR”
“ID-UL-FITR”- festival of breaking the fast” last
for three days
5. HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE)-
honored in the Muslim
community.
- should be an expression of
devotion to God, not a means
to gain social standing.
Muslim Holidays
The two major Muslim holidays are:
Eid al-Adha: celebrates the Prophet Abraham’s
willingness to sacrifice his son for Allah.
Eid al-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadan—the
Islamic holy month of fasting.
Muslims also celebrate other holidays, such as
the Islamic New Year and the birth of
Muhammad.