Smog control in Lahore by

using different technologies

Synopsis
• Scope:
The purpose of this research is to analyze the smog problem in Lahore which is endangering our
lives and finding a technological solution for mitigating it

Project Sponsor: Environmental protection department.

• Objectives:
• To study the current smog issue in Lahore.
• To conduct the gap analysis.
• Develop a technological solution for smog control.
• Methodology:
• Survey.
• Literature review.
Significance of the study

• This study was carried out among people of Lahore, Pakistan. Lahore is the second largest city/district of
Punjab, Pakistan.
• Smog has become a public environmental crisis in most areas of Lahore, and in response, research efforts
have most focused on the chemical properties of smog and its impact on human health
• An exhaust cloud is a mixture of smoke and mist that forms due to air pollution from mist or water vapor and
ground-level ozone.
• High transportation and the use of non-renewable energy sources, unburned ignition engines, our refineries
and brick kilns release their toxins into the environment, which cause air pollution .
• The consequences of these problems is that Pakistan faces death, harm and various dangerous human
diseases.
• . Lahore has a population of about 11.3 million. There are many cars and motorcycles here that emit SO2,
CO, CO2, NOx and particulate matter.
• A survey of residents living around Lahore city controlled atmospheric environmental monitoring sites was conducted.
• The data was statistically analyzed to investigate people’s views and behavioral tendencies in smog weather, the
influence of different media reports on public outlook, and public opinions on the local atmosphere and pollution
management in different areas.
• According to population census the estimated population of Lahore city was 6,318,745. 82.44% urban and 17.56 rural
population. The total area was 1772 sq.km. Lahore emerge as City District Government Lahore (CDGL) in 2001.
• Participants were randomly approached at public places of the city. After obtaining consent, participant were asked to
fill the questionnaires.

•The questionnaire had two sections.

1. Assessing the knowledge of the respondents about smog.
2. Smog perception of respondents.
• Total 50 respondents were questioned
Study the current smog problem in Lahore:

• Our first objective was to study the smog issue in Lahore which is destroying our health.
• So we first analyze the cause of smog in our city. . Lahore has a very large population around 11.3 million.
• The formation of smog is believed to be a chemical reaction that pollutes the air and sunlight in the form of
harmful ozone which affect millions of people.

• . Lahore, the second largest metropolitan city of Pakistan, is heavily polluted with certain
distressing elements like zinc, lead and carbon monoxide that pose great threat to community in
terms of health as well as cost.
• A previous study indicated that Lahore had a maximum concentration of particulate matter followed by Quetta and Karachi as second and
third highly air polluted cities of Pakistan.
• Smog has drastically affected the residents especially the outdoor workers and the students, experiencing various clinical symptoms, such as
cough, wheezing, burning and watering of eyes and exacerbation of prior respiratory problems.
• . Last year, the residents of Lahore, Pakistan mounted a protest against air pollution and smog with banners lettering ‘Go Green-Breathe
Green’ and ‘Say no to air pollution’, where the government officials took notice and directed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
handle the issue
• Notwithstanding the efforts of Government of Pakistan to eradicate the smog, the country is still
facing numerous challenges in managing multiple air pollutants.
• This study presents a modern picture of the awareness and prevention practices of people living in Lahore,
the capital of the province of Punjab, in connection to air pollution caused by fog.
• Total 50 respondents were questioned.
• A 25-itemed questionnaire was designed to evaluate the awareness and preventive practices
related to smog among general population.
Part 1
•Q1. Smog is a reaction of sunlight, nitrogen, volatile organic compound in atmosphere.

•Q2. The word ‘Smog’ is a combination of Smoke and Fog.

•Q3. Smog causes a smoky dark appearance to arise over cities.

 
•Q4. Smog has recently attacked on the different areas of Pakistan.

. Q5. Smog issue is only in urban areas than in rural areas.

Q6. . Automobiles, fires, waste treatment are the major producers of smog.

Q7. Smog can cause anything from minor allergy and respiratory problems to deadly lung cancer.
Part 2
• Q8 .Smog pollution is due to industrial waste, vehicle exhaust or coal burning at power plants.

• Q9. Crops’ burning in the field is the cause of smog pollution.

Q10. Construction is the primary contributor to smog generation.

Q11. Special weather condition (i.e winter period) favors smog formation.

Q12. Smog causes problems in children more than elder.

Q13. Smog is dangerous and lethal to human health.

Q14. Traffic accidents are more prone to happen if there is smog.

• Q15. Smog could be the result of some deliberate phenomenon induced by any neighbor country.

• Q16. Higher rate deforestation is one of the major causes of smog production.

• Q17..Pedestrians and people riding a bicycle or motorbike are more susceptible to smog effects than those
riding cars or buses or any other covered transport.

• Q18.Working men or/and women are more susceptible to smog effects than those staying at home.

• Q19.Smog overall puts a bad impact on quality of life.

• Q20.Smog affects social life.

• Q21.Smog affects schooling of children.

• Q22.Smog is not dangerous at all it is just like fog.

• Q23) Smog restricts physical activities and open air sports.

• Q24) A lot of money is utilized in buying probes for protection, hospital visits and to get OTC drugs.

• Q25) smog affects all individuals equally.

Discussion
• Awareness of smog and its preventive practices play a major role in the improvement of
healthcare in the community.
• The results of current study showed that overall knowledge among the study participants
was 74% – demonstrating their sound knowledge about smog.
• Among the participants, 76.4% correctly believed that smoke emitting from automobiles,
fuel and fire waste are the major contributors toward smog.
• The results of current study indicated that 81.7% of the population had knowledge about
various harms of smog.
• The results of our study showed that less than half of the total participants (46%) had
positive perception and only 48.1% followed good practices to avoid the smog.
Study strength and limitation.
• This study successfully explored the awareness and preventive practices of smog among general
population of Lahore, Pakistan.
• This will help the policy-makers to study to understand the level of awareness as well as practices
followed by the public to protect them from smog and develop as well as implement the strategies
to tackle harms of the smog.
• However, the study had a few limitations. Firstly, this study was performed only among the
educated individuals who could understand English. However, a major proportion of Pakistani
population has low literacy so their awareness and practices remains uncovered.
• . Secondly, the study was conducted only in Lahore owing to lack of resources to conduct study in
various other cities.
• This may affect the generalizability of the findings to whole population of Pakistan
Conclusion
• Overall, smog awareness was adequate among the study population
• However, educational sessions and smog prevention seminars are needed for the general public,
especially for individuals with non-science background.
• Educational sessions and workshops on smog prevention are essential for the general public,
especially for people with unscientific education.
• Government needs to spread more awareness among people about smog issue, as it is vital to fight
smog issue.
To conduct gap analysis.

• In gap analysis we tried to find the gap between the technologies being used here in Pakistan to cater smog
issue and technologies being used in other countries.
• Gap analysis involves the comparison of actual performance with potential or desired performance.
• If an organization does not make the best use of current resources, or forgoes investment in capital or
technology, it may produce or perform below an idealized potential.

Current state.
• Smog is fundamentally a blend of smoke and mist. Exhaust cloud is the Chemical contamination of the air
which are caused by the human exercises.
• In Lahore Exhaust cloud is exceptionally destructive to people, creatures, plants notwithstanding for entire
nature because of its parts that makes it.
• Because of brown haze numerous individual’s passing’s were recorded or numerous different hazardous
ailments. Substantial exhaust cloud oversees decreasing the bright radiations.
Gap and evaluate solutions:

• Smog free tower which is used to sucks the pollutants from the air and emit the clean air in the atmosphere.

• In zigzag kilns, bricks are arranged to allow hot air to travel in a zigzag path. The length of the zigzag air path is
about three times that of a straight line, and this improves the heat transfer from the flue gases to the bricks, making
the entire operation more efficient.

• Electric cars are ever more appealing in a world where reducing carbon emissions and pollution is a growing
concern for many people.

• The Euro 5 standard further reduced the limit for carbon monoxide emissions and also reduced the combined limit
for unburned hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen for both petrol and diesel vehicles.

• These “super trees” intake 200,000 cubic meters of polluted air each day, expelling only pure oxygen in exchange

• New technologies for the reduction of emissions of pollutants in atmosphere are being developed.
Develop a technological solution for smog
control
• Our third objective was to develop a technological solution to fight
the smog issue.
• Many new technologies are being used to reduce the smog issue. Our
neighbor country china has developed many new technologies.
Methods and Technologies, we will use to
control smog
1. Smog free tower
• The Smog Free Tower is seven-meter-high modular system, installed
with patented ionization technology, lightweight constructions and 21
LEDs.
• The tower can process 30,000 cubic meters of air every hour, remove
ultra-fine smog and let out clean air.
• Costs of Smog Free Tower around €2000.
2. Zigzag technology:
In zigzag kilns, bricks are arranged in a manner to allow hot air to travel
in a zigzag path. The length of the zigzag air path is about three times
that of a straight line, and this improves the heat transfer from the flue
gases to the bricks, making the entire working more efficient
Cost of Technology:
Zig-Zag Technology It will cost Rs 30 lakhs to make Zig Zag Bhatta. As
per the Government of rule, you will always have to convert the
allowance into Zig Zag Allowance.
3: Electric cars and Autonomous vehicles:
Electric cars are ever more appealing in a world where reducing carbon
emissions and pollution is a growing concern.
Electric car charging station cost:
Cost to Charge an Electric Car:
4. Euro 5 fuel:
Euro 5 introduced different emissions limits for petrol and diesel.
reduction in Sulphur and Benzene content by a staggering 98 percent
and 80 percent respectively
5.Artificial Trees:
These “super trees” intake 200,000 cubic meters of polluted air each
day, expelling only pure oxygen in exchange.
6. Gas to liquids:
One of the best option to tackle the air pollution is to change the fossil
fuels engine to the alternative fuels.
gas could be change in to dimethyl ether which ca used to reduce the
approximately 25% of the NOx.
7.Liquid air:
The biggest advantage of LAES is its high energy density, comparable to
batteries and chemical energy storage. It is much higher than pumped
hydro and compressed air energy storage (CAES).
8.Anti-smog mist cannon.
Pakistan can 28 also develop such technology here and use it to cater
the smog issue. Anti-smog canon has a maximum range of 100m.
Conclusion
• In our report we have deeply analyse the smog issue which is causing health problems for residents of
Lahore. Lahore is an industrious city with industries releasing so much carbon dioxide and particulate matter
daily in the air. The number one reason for smog is exhaust smoke coming from the vehicles.

• In second objective we analysed the gap between Pakistan and other developed countries like china usa and
Germany. All these countries have developed latest technologies like smog tower and using euro 5 fuel and
many other technologies to fight the smog issue.

• In third objective we have given a technological solution to reduce the smog issue. In this objective we have
analysed all the latest technologies being used in developed countries to fight smog issue.

• Pakistan can deploy such technology here as we desperately need it

1.Compensation dimension for staff
Agreed Disagreed

19 1
T r a ve l& Pe t r ol Allowa nc e s

19 1
Pr ovide d Me dic a l Allowa nc es

20 0
Pr ovide d I nc r eme nt s

18 2
Will c onti nue in t he pr esent wor k

16 4
R e c e ive E noug h Wa g e

So most of the employees say that they receive enough wages. All agree that they are provided increments
and medical allowances.
2. Working condition dimension for staff.
Agreed Disagreed

19 1
Wor k E nvir onment is sa fe

18 2
G ive n Adequa t e fa c iliti es

17 3
E a sy t o r e c e ive helpful ma t er ia l for effi c ient wor k

12 8
Wor king envir onme nt is E nc our a g ing

14 6
Fa vor a ble E nvir onment

So most of the staff agreed that their work place has favorable environment, but also its a bit
discouraging. Most of the staff agreed that it is easy to receive helpful material for work and also
they are provided adequate facilities in their workplace.
3. Personal growth dimension for staff. Agreed Disagreed

16 4
Job he lps in self impr ovement

19 1
Wor k done in e ffi c ient wa y r e c eive r e c og niti on

6 14
Oppor t uniti e s t o lea r n ne w t ec hniques

15 5
Use of new met hod is e nc our a g e d

• After interviewing staff on personal growth the responses were mixed. The staff mostly agreed that use of new
method is encouraged but they mostly disagreed on the point that there are opportunities to learn new
approaches. All staff agreed that if work is done in efficient way than it receives recognition from the higher
management. They also mostly agree that their job is improving them.
4. Social integration dimension for staff
Agreed Disagreed

19 1
We a r e mut ua lly he lpful

16 4
We sha r e our wor kloa ds

17 3
We sha r e our fe e ling a nd ide a s.

16 4
N o pr oble m in t e a m wor k

13 7
We ha ve se nse of one c ommunit y
5. Job security
Agreed Disagreed

12 8
T he wor k is we ll or g a niz e d

16 4
My job ha s be c ome int e r e sti ng
Findings.
• The employees at nespak feel very much satisfied with the compensation provided for their effort.
• They are provided travel, petrol and medical allowances.
WORKING ENVIRONMENT.
• most of the staff agreed that their work place has favorable environment and they have a sense of belonging.
• They are provided with adequate facilities and their working environment is safe.
PERSONAL GROWTH.
Best practices on quality of working life.

• Achieving a satisfying work-life balance has become more and more elusive to many workers.
• Advances in technology and connectivity provided by mobile devices has made employees available and accessible 24/7 and essentially erased the partition
between work and life away from work.
• So following practices are being followed at top ranking firms of the world in order to set a balance between work and life which will eventually add value to the
firm.
• 1.Get feedback from employees:
• To be successful, workplace integration strategies must be relevant and responsive to the needs of employed.
• To garner employee input, many companies keep regularly scheduled meetings or developing groups to discuss work-life priorities and work-life strategies
frameworks and interventions.

2.Leading by example:
• Company leadership behaviors can have a significant impact on how employees view and embrace integration of work and life.
• Leaders need to ‘walk the talk’ and demonstrate their own commitment to achieving work-life equilibrium: this means taking advantage of the same work-life
options, amenities, and rewards offered to employees
• HubSpot offers its employees a chance to rest and recharge in designated glasses rooms, filled with
• hammock and clouds covered walls.
• 3. Emphasizing Outcomes Not Hours:
• Progressive companies realize that productivity doesn't always come with eight-hour extras, and working long hours is not equivalent to being more productive.
• Employees in UK on average work longer hours than other European countries but are generally lower productivity levels.
• So the best internationally followed practice is to focus on the outcomes rather than working extra hours.

4. Promote diversity:
• Companies with a diverse workforce have proven to be more productive and profitable and do better the results of recruitment and retention.
• VMware encourages activities to celebrate the cultural heritage of its employees. For example, the company supports Diwali, the Hindu “Festival of Lights,” with a
company-wide event organized by the VMware Indian Employee Network.

5.Develop a Supportive Culture:

• The essence of a successful workplace integration program lies in creating a workplace culture based on trust (on the part of managers) and personal responsibility
(on the part of employees).
• For managers, developing trust means letting go of the deliberate notions that the office is confronted and working long hours equates to high performance.
• For employees, this means communicating effectively their individual work lives needs and responsibly utilizing the available options and benefits to
meet productively the job requirements.
• 6. Supporting Flexible Schedules:
• In a national survey in US, 63 percent of employee respondents believe that working 9 to 5 is outdated concept. Today’s workers want the flexibility to get their
jobs done when, how and where they want.
• Capital One allows employees to work on their schedules in the workplace that suits them best needs, whether at home, in new company premises, eco-friendly
office, or local cafe shop.

• 7. Create Innovative Workspaces:

• Today workspace should be designed considering the likes and dislikes of the employees unlike following traditional and conventional arrangement.
• At Unilever, employees are not assigned tables. They can choose any location to work on, armchairs, pods, open spaces and stationary walking routines.
Meditation and inspiration rooms are available to all workers, and the company stocks kitchens and skirts with a wide variety healthy option.

• 9.Encourage Napping:
• A NASA study found that a 26-minute nap can boost productivity by 34 percent and increase agility by 54 percent.
• Google was one of the first companies to adopt this. Company insert "energy booth" into the workplace: chairs wrapped inside a large bubble with integrated
soothing music and sounds.