Chapter 9: Lựa chọn thiết bị lưới trung - hạ thế Medium - Low Voltage equiments

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

ENSURING ENHANCED EDUCATION
Chapter 9: Lựa chọn thiết bị

lưới trung – hạ thế
Medium – Low Voltage
equiments
Introduce: Lecturers of Industrical Electricity Department
01 Vo Van Ngan Street, Thu Duc District– Ho Chi Minh City – Tel: (84-8) 38 97 2955 – 39 60 985 – 37 22 1223 (166-214)
www.hcmute.edu.vn/feee/, email: diendientu@hcmute.edu.vn
CONTENTS:
Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers: VCB, Recloser, LBS
Medium Voltage distribution Board
FCO/LBFCO (Fuse Cut Out/ Load Break FCO)
Disconnector Switch (DS)
Lightning Arrester (LA)
Current Transformer, Potential Transformer, Voltage Transformer
(CT/PT/VT)
Low votage circuit breaker
Low voltage distribution board
Requires:
What is it?
Components? Functions?
Standards?
Parameters?
How to choose it?
1. Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers: VCB, Recloser, LBS
Electrical Data
Rated voltage : 24kV
Frequency : 50Hz
Power Frequency Withstand Voltage : 65kV
Rated Lighting Impulse Withstand Voltage : 125kV
Rated current horizontal busbars : 630/1250/1600/2000/2500A

Rated short time withstand current (3s) : 20kA & 25kA (31.5kA on request)
Rated peak withstand current : 50kA & 63kA, 80kA
Standard : IEC 62 271-100
VCB: Vacuum Circuit Breaker/SF6 Circuit Breaker

 Bản thân máy cắt trung thế chỉ có tác động đóng cắt mà không có chức
năng bảo vệ
 Máy cắt trung thế + Relay (OC, OV, UV,…)  Máy cắt mới tác động tự
động khi sự cố
 Đóng cắt bằng tay/nút nhấn khi có tải hoặc không tải
VB-24
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Embedded Pole Type
VB-24kV
630A~2500A 20kA~25KA
Fully type tested and complies to

IEC Standards:
- IEC 60694
- IEC62271-100
1. Tulip Contact 2. Contact Arm Spring

3. Lower Contact 4. Upper Contact Terminal
5. Embedded Pole 6. Low Resistance VI
7. R Shape Contact 8. Bellow
9. Contact Spring 10. Shutter Driving Plate
11. Insulated Coupling Rod
12. Opening Spring
13. Earthing Contact Terminal
14. Movable Unit 15. Driving Screw
16. Locking Piece 17. Operating Shaft
18. Operation Cover 19. Closing Spring
20. Secondary Plug
Closing Module Opening Module
Modularized
Standardized
Optimized
Opening Damper
Auxiliary
Closing Spring
Tripping Spring
Others
(Non Modular
Operating Mechanism)
Item Description Unit Technical Data
1 The Rated Voltage 24

1min Rated Power Frequency Withstand
Rated Voltage （ r.m.s ） kV
65
2 Insulation Rated Lighting Impulse Withstand
Voltage （ Peak Value before and after
Breaking ） 125
Level
3 Rated Power Frequency Hz 50/60
4 630,1250,1600,
Rated Current A 2000,2500
5 Rated Switching Current for Single Capacitor Bank and 400/400
Back-to-Back Capacitor Bank
Item Description Unit Technical Data

6 Rated Short Circuit Breaking Current 20, 25
7 Rated Short Time Withstand Current (4s) 20, 25
kA
8 Rated Short Circuit Making Current (Peak 50, 63
Value)
9 Rated Peak Withstand Current 50, 63
(Peak Value)
10 O-0.3s-CO-180s-CO
Rated Operating Sequence
O-180s-CO-180s-CO
11 Closing Time (Rated Control Voltage) ms 35~70
Item Description Unit Technical

Data
12 Opening Time (Rated Control Voltage) 25~45
ms
13 Breaking Time 40~60
14 Switching Operations of Rated Short- 50

circuit breaking current times
15 Mechanical Endurance 10,000
operation cycles
16 Contact Erosion Limit 3

mm
Recloser: Máy cắt tự đóng lại, giúp giải trừ sự cố thoáng qua, tránh tác động
nhầm.
t1 t2
O C.O C.O O
O-0.3s-CO-180s-CO
Recloser = CB + Bộ điều khiển + đo lường hiển thị
DS: Disconnector Switch

 Đóng cắt không tải, tạo khoảng hở an toàn nhìn thấy được
 Đi kèm với máy cắt
CB/LBS/Recloser
DS DS
CB/LBS/Recloser 01 Vo Van Ngan Street, Thu Duc District– Ho Chi Minh City – Tel: (84-8) 38 97 2955 – 39 60 985 – 37 22 1223 (166-214)
LBS: Load Break Switch

 Đóng cắt bằng tay/ sào có tải / không tải, thiết bị đặt ngoài trời + luôn đi
kèm DS (Disconnector Switch)
Fuse Cut Out/Load Break Fuse Cut Out
Dây chì
Ống chì
Chức năng: đóng cắt bảo vệ quá tải,

ngắn mạch
Dây chì: loại K (cắt nhanh)
H (cắt chậm)
CẦU CHÌ CẮT CÓ TẢI (LBFCO) - POLYMER

Tiêu chuẩn áp dụng: ANSI C37.41, C37.42, IEC
282-2, IEC 61109
Điện áp định mức: 24kV
Dòng điện định mức: 100 & 200A
Tần số định mức: 50Hz
Khả năng cắt ngắn mạch: 10 – 12kA
Điện áp chịu đựng xung (BIL): 150kV
Chiều dài dòng rò: 635mm
Vật liệu cách điện: Polymer (Silicone Rubber)
DÂY CHÌ TRUNG THẾ

Tiêu chuẩn áp dụng: ANSI C37.42
Điện áp định mức: 24 - 35kV
Dòng điện định mức: 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20,
25, 30, 40, 50, 65, 80, 100, 140, 200A
Loại: K (cắt nhanh)
Chiều dài toàn bộ 23 inch (584mm)
Điều kiện lựa chọn Ib

UFCO>=Un
1.4Ib <= In,FCO <= Ic/6 IC
ST
Ví dụ: Chọn chì FCO bảo vệ
MBA 400kVA (22/0.4kV) CB
Busbar 0.4kV
CHỐNG SÉT VAN (LIGHTNING ARRESTER)

Tiêu chuẩn áp dụng: IEC 6099-4
Cấp chống sét: Cấp 1
Điện áp định mức: 6kV đến 48kV
Dòng xả sét định mức: 10kV
Vật liệu cách điện: Polymer (Silicone Rubber)
Is LA LOAD
Is
Cấu tạo: MOV Metal Oxit Varistor điện trở phi

tuyến
Vref ngưỡng đáp ứng tác động của LA
Is: dòng xung xét tại nơi đặt LA (5/10kA,
8/20us
VLA < Vref, RLA = MΩ
VLA>= Vref, R LA = mΩ
Is LA LOAD
Is
*Chọn LA:
*UnLA >= Un (pha) = 22/sqrt(3)=12.7kV
*UMCOV LA (Điện áp vận hành liên tục cực đại)> =
Umax=Un+∆Ucp = 1.05Un =13.33kV
Tính bằng điện áp pha
*UTOV LA (Quá điện áp tạm thời)
>=UTOV=KexUmax=1.4x13.33=18kV
Ke: hệ số quá áp, phụ thuộc loại mạng điện
UMCOV: Maximum continous Operating Voltage
U : Temporary Over Voltage
DAO CÁCH LY 1 PHA – NGOÀI TRỜI

POLYMER
Tiêu chuẩn áp dụng: IEC 129, IEC 61109
Điện áp định mức: 24 – 35kV
Dòng điện định mức: 630 – 800A
Khả năng chịu ngắn mạch: 25kA
Điện áp chịu đựng xung (BIL): 125 – 170kV
Chiều dài dòng rò: 25mm/kV
Vật liệu cách điện: Polymer
DAO CÁCH LY 3P- 24KV; 35KV

NGOÀI TRỜI
Tiêu chuẩn áp dụng: IEC 129
Điện áp định mức: 24 – 35kV
Dòng điện định mức: 630 – 800A
Điện áp chịu đựng xung (BIL): 125 –
170kV
Chiều dài dòng rò: 25mm/kV
Lắp đặt theo 2 phương (ngang & đứng)
trên 1 trụ, 2 trụ
Vật liệu cách điện: Sứ
DAO CẮT CÓ TẢI 630A – 24KV – 3P TRONG

NHÀ (CÓ BỆ CHÌ)
Dòng điện định mức: 630A
Điện áp chịu đựng xung (BIL): 125kV
Vật liệu cách điện: Nhựa Epoxy
CHÌ ỐNG TRUNG THẾ

Tiêu chuẩn áp dụng: IEC 282-1
Điện áp định mức: 24 35kV
Dòng điện định mức: 6.3, 10,
16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80,
100A
DAO CẮT CÓ TẢI 630A – 24KV

– 3P – TRONG NHÀ
Dòng điện định mức: 630A
Khả năng chịu ngắn mạch:
25kA
Điện áp chịu đựng xung (BIL):
125kV
Vật liệu cách điện: Nhựa Epoxy
BIẾN ÁP ĐO LƯỜNG TRUNG THẾ

Tiêu chuẩn áp dụng: IEC 60044-1 ; 60044-2 : 2003
Loại: 1 pha; Cách điện: Polymer; Tần số định mức:
50Hz
Điện áp định mức: 15-24-35kV
Điện áp chịu đựng xung (BIL): 95-125-170kV
Điện áp sơ cấp định mức: 8400, 8660, 12000, 12700
Điện áp thứ cấp định mức: 100, 100căn3,110V,110căn
3,120V
Phổ biến hiện nay là 12000/120V. Tỉ số biến giữa cuộn
sơ cấp và thứ cấp là 100 lần. Điện áp đặt vào là 22kV
thì điện áp ngõ ra 127V (22k/căn3*100)
Dung lượng: 10, 30, 50, 75, 100, 120, 150 VA
Cấp chính xác: 0.5, 1
Switchgear selection
Circuit-breaker
Circuit-breaker - Standards and description
Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

breaker

breaker

breaker

breaker

breaker

breaker

breaker

breaker

breaker

breaker
Circuit-breaker - Selection of a circuit-breaker
Circuit-breaker - Selection of an instantaneous, or short-time-

delay, tripping
threshold
Circuit-breaker - Selection of a circuit-breaker according to the

short-circuit
breaking capacity requirements

short-circuit

short-circuit
Circuit-breaker - Coordination between circu- Cascading or

Back-up protectionit-breakers
The technique of “cascading” uses the properties of current-limiting circuit-
breakers to permit the installation of all downstream switchgear, cables and other
circuit components of significantly lower performance than would otherwise be
necessary, thereby simplifying and reducing the cost of an installation
Circuit-breaker - Principles of discriminative tripping

(selectivity)
Trip Units
01 Vo Van Ngan Street, Thu Duc Distric – Ho Chi Minh City – Tel: (84-8) 38 97 2955 – 39 60 985 – 37 22 1223 (166-214)
www.cmute.edu.vn/feee/, email: diendientu@hcmute.edu.vn
Scope
• Protection
• Overload
• short-circuit
• Principle of operation
• Type of trip units & their
applications
• Simple trip unit adjustments
What’s in a circuit breaker ?

A mechanical A thermal-
switch that magnetic or
makes and solid-state
breaks the controller that
contact orders the
switch to open
Mechanical Trip
switch unit
A “Circuit breaker” w/o a trip unit is just a SWITCH
Overload Protection
Available methods
 electromechanical trip unit

(thermal)
the overload is detected directly by
the bimetallic strip, which bends
because of temperature build-up
 electronic trip unit

the overload is detected by
measuring the current (I) and
comparing with the trip unit set
points
Principle of Operation – Thermal element
trip bar trip bar
contacts
bi-metal closed bi-metal contacts open
element element
line
line
load load
latch
latch
Short-circuit Protection
Available methods
• electromechanical trip unit

• magnetic element
• electronic trip unit

• short-time setting
• instantaneous
Principle of Operation – Magnetic element
magnetic element magnetic element closes gap and opens

contacts on short circuit
trip bar
trip bar
contacts closed contacts open
line
line
load
load
latch
latch
Principle of Operation – Electronic

treatment of the signal in electronics
circuitry
Sampling,
signal correction analysis Output
capture and
calculation
Sensing Signal Processing stages Output
Typical Trip Unit Characteristics

LT Long Time
Time For Overload Protection
LT
LTD Long Time Delay
For Time Discrimination
LTD
ST Short Time
For Short-circuit Protection
ST STD Short Time Delay

I Instantaneous
I2T STD For High Short-circuit Protection
GF I2T ON/OFF
GFD
For Discrimination
IT 2 I
GF Ground Fault
GFD Ground Fault Delay
Current
Typical Trip Unit Applications
 Distribution  Selective  Universal

 overload  overload  overload
 short circuit  short circuit  short circuit
 discrimination  discrimination
 ST cropping, I2t
And also specific curves (motor protection...)
An example of Electro-mechanical
Trip Units for RecordPlus FD Frame
An example of Electro-mechanical
Trip Units for RecordPlus FE Frame
Electronic Trip Units, SMR1

for RecordPlus FE160/250 Adjustable Rating Plug
Setting range : 0.64 to 1 x Plug rating
Setpoints : 16
Switchable Rating Plug

Setting range : 0.4 to 1 x T/Unit Size
Setpoints : 32
An example of Electronic Trip Unit, SMR1

for RecordPlus FE160/250
M-Pro17
Summary
LT Long Time
Time For Overload Protection
LT
LTD Long Time Delay
LTD
ST Short Time
For Short-circuit Protection
ST STD Short Time Delay

I Instantaneous
I2T STD For High Short-circuit Protection
GF I2T ON/OFF
GFD
For Discrimination
IT
2 I
GF Ground Fault
GFD Ground Fault Delay
Current
DESIGN
• TECHNICAL INFORMATION
• Technical specification & standard.
• 2.1 Technical specification
• Standard IEC 60439-1
• Test Quatest
• Asta (australian)
• Electrical Characteristics
• Rated voltage (Ue) 690 V. AC
• Rated insulation voltage (Ui) 1000 V
• Dielectric test voltage 3 kV
• Rated impulse withstand voltage (Uimp) 12 kV
• Rated frequency 40-60 Hz
• Rated current (In) 250A - 7400A
• Rated short-time withstand current (Icw) Up to 100 kA 1 sec.
• Mechanical Characteristics Degree of protection, IEC 60529 IP 54
• Framework steel (Aluzinc or painted) 2.0 mm
• Base frame steel (Painted) 2.5mm
• Doors & plates steel (Painted) 1.5 or 2.0 mm
• Mounting plates steel (Aluzinc) 1.5 mm
• Internal partitions steel (Aluzinc) 1.0-1.5 mm
• Internal separation Form 1 - 4
• Stainless steel ANSI 304 , 316
• With Aluzinc (mild steel coated with Aluminium and Zinc)
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Technical specification & standard.
• 2.2 Paint specification
• Paint Polyester powder paint
• Coating thickness 60-80 µ
• Colour (frames & cladding) RAL 7032 *, 7284, 7035
• Colour (base frame) RAL 9005 *
• *(other colours on request)
• PAINT PROCEDURE
• All parts are transported on overhead conveyer through the following phases at a conveyer
• speed of 3-4 m/minute.
• Phase 1 Degreasing and iron phosphating at a temperature of 30° C
• Phase 2 Degreasing and finishing iron phosphating at a temperature of 40° C
• Phase 3 Shower with fresh tap water
• Phase 4 Shower with demineralised water
• Phase 5 Air drying with high pressure air blower
• Phase 6 Heat drying in oven at a temperature of 120° C
• Phase 7 Automatic electrostatic powder painting for standard colours or larger batches of
• special colours. Manual electrostatic powder painting for smaller batches of special colours
• Phase 8 Curing in oven for 10-12 minutes at a temperature of 170-200° C
• Phase 9 Quality control of random samples as follows.:
• Visual inspection against a master sample using 3 different shades of light.
• Grid cut in order to test that the enamel adhesion exceeds
• Control of coating thickness
• Control of gloss
Form
• TECHNICAL INFORMATION
• Enclosures
• 3.1 Frame work
• Every MSB is made exclusively from standard and type code- modules . All the modules embrace a high quality conforming to Truong Giang design specifications. The framebars
and crossbars are supplied in sizes from 1 to 11 modules (1 module=200 mm).
• Dimensions: Height: 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2600mm (with busbar top unit).
• Width: 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200mm
• Depth: 400, 600, 800,1000, 1200mm
Busbar
Internal Enclosure Functional
Form FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
• 3.2 Internal form of separation

• The following are typical forms of separation by partitions:
• Form 1 No internal separation
• Form 2a Separation of busbars from the functional units.

• Terminals NOT separated from busbars.
• Form 2b
• Separation of busbars from the functional units.
• Terminals separated from busbars.
• Types 1&2
• Type 1: Busbar separation by insulated coverings
• e.g sleeving, wrapping or coatings.
• Type 2: Busbar separations by metallic or non
• metallic rigid barriers or partitions
• Form 3a
• Separation of functional units from one another.
• Separation of terminals from functional units but not from each other.
• Terminals NOT separated from busbars
• Form 3b
• Types Separation of functional units from one another.
• 1&2 Separation of terminals from functional units but not from each
other.
• Terminals separated from busbars.
• metallic rigid barriers or partitions.
• Form 4a
• 1&2 Separation of terminals of functional units
• Terminals in same compartment as functional unit.
• e.g sleeving, wrapping or coatings. Cables glanded elsewhere.
• Type 2: Busbar separations by metallic or non metallic rigid barriers or partitions
Cables glanded elsewhere.
• Form 4b
• 4,5 & 6 Separation of terminals of functional units
• Terminals NOT in same compartment as functional

• Cables glanded elsewhere.
• metallic rigid barriers or partitions.Terminals
• separated by insulated coverings.
• Cables glanded in common cabling chamber.
• Type 6: All separation by metallic or non metallic
• rigid barriers or partitions.
• Cables glanded in common cabling chamber.
• Form 4b
• Type 7 rigid barriers or partitions.
• The terminals for each functional unit have their own integral glanding facility.
Enclosures
• 3.4 Rating table: RATING TABLE FOR COPPER BUSBARS ACCORDING

TO DIN 43671
• Rating at 40°C ambient temperature and maximum busbar temperature 120°C.
• The ratings are tested values and the tests are performed in a Form 4 type panel
with a
• degree of protection IP 4X
TECHNICALFACULTY
INFORMATION
OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Enclosures ENSURING ENHANCED EDUCATION
• Main Busbar on top and cable connection front.

• Busbar on top up to 4000A (One main busbar system)
Enclosures
• Main Busbar on top and cable connection front.
• Busbar on top from 4000A up to 7400A (Two main busbar systems)
Enclosures
• Busbar on top up to 4000A (One main busbar system)
• Busbar on top from 4000A up to 7400A (Two main busbar systems)
Enclosures
• Busbar on Rear up to 4000A
• Main busbar and section depths
Assembly
Assembly
4. Wiring
• 4.1 Cable connection
• In general, flexible copper cable is used for wiring the inside of a switchboard. For an
operating voltage of less than half the cable insulating voltage or in other words <
500v , these cable are treated as belonging to lass 2. Consequently they may be
secured directly to metal supports without inserting an insulator.
Rountine test
6.Transport
• 6.1 Lifting by crane
•
Maximum Load 200kg for 4 lifting Eyes
• 6.2 Moving by pipe sections
7. Installation
• 7.1 Distances to walls and gangway widths
7.2 Fixing plane
• 7.2 Installation on false floor and directly on concrete
• 1.Switchboard
• 2. Boxgirder
• 3. Fitted floor plate
• 4. Support adjuistable
• 5. Concrete floor
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Chapter 9: Lựa chọn thiết bị lưới trung - hạ thế Medium - Low Voltage equiments

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Chapter 9: Lựa chọn thiết bị lưới trung - hạ thế Medium - Low Voltage equiments

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HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Chapter 9: Lựa chọn thiết bị

Introduce: Lecturers of Industrical Electricity Department

1. Medium Voltage Circuit Breakers: VCB, Recloser, LBS

Rated current horizontal busbars : 630/1250/1600/2000/2500A

Standard : IEC 62 271-100

VCB: Vacuum Circuit Breaker/SF6 Circuit Breaker

Fully type tested and complies to

1. Tulip Contact 2. Contact Arm Spring

Closing Module Opening Module

Item Description Unit Technical Data

1 The Rated Voltage 24

Item Description Unit Technical Data

11 Closing Time (Rated Control Voltage) ms 35~70

Item Description Unit Technical

14 Switching Operations of Rated Short- 50

16 Contact Erosion Limit 3

Recloser = CB + Bộ điều khiển + đo lường hiển thị

DS: Disconnector Switch

LBS: Load Break Switch

Fuse Cut Out/Load Break Fuse Cut Out

Chức năng: đóng cắt bảo vệ quá tải,

CẦU CHÌ CẮT CÓ TẢI (LBFCO) - POLYMER

DÂY CHÌ TRUNG THẾ

Điều kiện lựa chọn Ib

CHỐNG SÉT VAN (LIGHTNING ARRESTER)

CHỐNG SÉT VAN (LIGHTNING ARRESTER)

Cấu tạo: MOV Metal Oxit Varistor điện trở phi

CHỐNG SÉT VAN (LIGHTNING ARRESTER)

DAO CÁCH LY 1 PHA – NGOÀI TRỜI

DAO CÁCH LY 3P- 24KV; 35KV

DAO CẮT CÓ TẢI 630A – 24KV – 3P TRONG

CHÌ ỐNG TRUNG THẾ

DAO CẮT CÓ TẢI 630A – 24KV

BIẾN ÁP ĐO LƯỜNG TRUNG THẾ

Circuit-breaker - Standards and description

Circuit-breaker - Standards and description

Circuit-breaker - Standards and description

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Fundamental characteristics of a circuit-

Circuit-breaker - Selection of a circuit-breaker

Circuit-breaker - Selection of a circuit-breaker

Circuit-breaker - Selection of a circuit-breaker

Circuit-breaker - Selection of an instantaneous, or short-time-

Circuit-breaker - Selection of a circuit-breaker according to the

Circuit-breaker - Selection of a circuit-breaker according to the

Circuit-breaker - Selection of a circuit-breaker according to the

Circuit-breaker - Coordination between circu- Cascading or

Circuit-breaker - Principles of discriminative tripping

What’s in a circuit breaker ?

A “Circuit breaker” w/o a trip unit is just a SWITCH

 electromechanical trip unit

 electronic trip unit