Non-Conventional Energy Sources – 18ME651

Ravishankar M D
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru-18
Energy is ability to cause
change to a system.
S I Unit – Joule Energy
Energy per unit time - Power
S I Unit – Watt
Energy is the primary & most
universal measure of all kinds
of work by human beings and
nature.
Based on usability of energy
Primary (fuel & flow)
Wood, Crude oil, natural gas, flowing rivers, oceans etc…
Secondary
refined petroleum products, charcoal, etc…
Based on commercial application
Classification of
Commercial
Electricity, petroleum products, etc…
energy sources
Non-commercial • Based on usability of energy
firewood, agro & animal waste, charcoal, etc… • Based on commercial
Based on availability application
Renewable • Based on availability
Solar, Wind, Bio-mass, etc…
Non-renewable • Based on traditional use
Fossil fuels, coal, hydel, etc… • Based on origin
Based on traditional use
Non-conventional
Solar, Wind, Bio-mass, etc…
Conventional
Fossil fuels, coal, hydel, etc…
Based on origin
 World Energy
Production (2014)

 Energy production is not evenly distributed across countries: for each

fuel, less than four countries generally account for more than half of *OPEC – Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries
global production
 Total Primary
Energy Supply
(TPES) by source

 Between 1971 and 2014, world total primary energy supply

(TPES) was multiplied by almost 2.5 times and changed
structure somewhat.
 Oil remained the dominant fuel in 2014, nonetheless fell from *Mtoe – Million tonnes of crude oil equivalent
44% to 31% of TPES.
 TPES - Top ten
countries

 Global energy demand was even more concentrated in 2014

compared to 1971, as the top 10 countries represented 63% of
global energy demand, as opposed to 56% in 1971.
 World Energy
Consumption
(2014)

 In 2014, the top-five countries in terms of TPES accounted for less than
half of the world GDP, and world population (47% and 46%
respectively) but consumed 53% of total world energy
 The United States consumed 16% of world energy, with 4% of the
world’s population. Conversely, China and India consumed 22% and 6%
of global energy respectively, but accounted for 19% and 18% of the
global population.
 Total Final
Consumption
(TFC)
Sectorwise

 Between 1971 and 2014, total final consumption (TFC) more

than doubled. However, the energy use by the different
economy sectors did not dramatically change.
Energy
overview - India
Trends in the
growth of India
TPES - India
Energy
Production -
India
Energy imports
of India
TPES of G-20
Nations
Energy routes
 Generally, we cannot use the energy available from primary energy sources
directly.
Non-electrical
route

Final energy
Primary energy
consumption

Electrical
route
Advantages of conventional energy
sources
 As of today, they are cheaper compared to non-conventional energy
sources.
 Security due to storage capabilities.
 Availability of conversion technologies
Disadvantages of conventional energy
sources
 Pollution & Global warming.
 Sources like coal and petro-chemicals have other uses apart from energy
uses.
 Safety
 Sophisticated technology
 Environmental concern
 Societal concerns
Importance of Non-conventional energy
sources
 Rapid increase in population is leading ever increasing demand. Hence
conventional sources of energy will not be sufficient to meet the demand.
 Conventional energy sources (except hydro) are non – renewable and
bound to deplete.
 Most of the conventional sources of energy poses severe threat to ecology
and environment.
 Conventional energy sources also have other extensive applications.
Depletion of the same will severe implications on the same.
Salient features of non-conventional
energy sources
 Advantages
 Non-conventional sources are available in nature for free of cost.
 They produce no or very less pollution.
 They are inexhaustible and have a low gestation period.
 Disadvantages
 They are usually available in diluted form from there sources.
 Cost of harnessing is high.
 Availability is uncertain.
 Difficulty in transporting and storing.
Energy alternatives
 Solar thermal
 Solar photovoltaic
 Small hydro power
 Wind
 Bio-mass
 Ocean thermal
 Tidal & Waves
 Geothermal
 Tar sands and oil shales
 Nuclear
Comparison
India’s renewable energy sector at a
glance
India’s renewable energy sector at a
glance
India’s solar power generation
India’s wind power
 The sun is a sphere
The Sun of intensely hot
gaseous matter
with a diameter of
1.39 × 109 m and is,
on the average, 1.5
× 1011 m from the
earth.
The sun rotates on
its axis about once
every 4 weeks.
However, it does
not rotate as a
solid body; the
equator takes
about 27 days and
the polar regions
take about 30 days
for each rotation.