DEVELOPMENT OF

SCIENCE IN AFRICA
AFRICA CIVILIZATION
• SUB-SAHARAN DESERT
• NARMER
• MEMPHIS
• THREE GREAT PERIODS
THE OLD KINGDOM,
THE MIDDLE KINGDOM,
AND THE NEW KINGDOM.
•THEBES
•AMENHOTEP IV
(AKHENATON)
•ATON ‘SPIRIT OF ATON’
•RAMSES II
•DOMINANT CLASS
•MIDDLE CLASS
•POOR LOWER CLASS
DEVELOPMENTS
 METALLURGY

THEY INVENTED METAL TOOLS

USED IN THEIR HOMES, IN AGRICULTURE,
AND IN BUILDING THEIR MAGNIFICENT
ARCHITECTURES.
•PAPYRUS
-THE MODERN NAME ‘PAPER’,
PERHAPS, HAS BEEN DERIVED FROM
THE TERM ‘PAPYRUS’.

-REED PEN
-EARTHEN POTS
•ALCHEMY
-EGYPT WAS KNOWN TO BE A CENTER
OF ALCHEMY
-THEY TRIED TO STUDY HUMAN ANATOMY
AND PHARMACOLOGY, AND APPLIED IMPORTANT
COMPONENTS SUCH AS EXAMINATION, DIAGNOSIS,
TREATMENT, AND PROGNOSIS FOR THE TREATMENT
OF DISEASES.
•ASTRONOMY
THREE TYPES OF CALENDARS
-LUNAR CALENDAR
-SOLAR CALENDAR
-STELLAR
•MATHEMATICS
LEBOMBO BONE
-THE OLDEST MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENT DATED
FROM 35, 000 BCE
-29 DISTINCT MARKINGS
ISHANGO BONE
-A BONE TOOL FROM THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
OF CONGO DATED TO THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC ERA,
ABOUT 18,000 TO 20,000 BCE
•EGYPTIAN MATHEMATICS
-FAMOUS IN ANCIENT LANGUAGES,
WRITINGS AND MATH
-HIEROGLYPHICS ARE MARKINGS AND
SYMBOLS
• EGYPTIAN MEASUREMENT
-EGYPTIANS HAD EXTENSIVE
MEASUREMENT BASED ON BODY
PARTS AND THE LENGTH OF PRETTY
STANDARDS ITEMS.
• EARLY HOMININS AND THE EARLIEST
TOOLS
*AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS OR KENYANTHROPUS
PLATYOPS
-STONE TOOLS
*HOMO HABILIS
-OLDOWAN TOOLMAKING INDUSTRY
*HOMO ERECTUS
-ACHEULEAN STONE TOOL INDUSTRY
*HOMO SAPIENS
•AGRICULTURE
- OCCURED IN THE SAHEL REGION C. 5000 BCE
- SMALL GUINEAFOWL
- DONKEY BURIALS IN EARLY DYNASTIC
CONTEXTS DATING TO ~5000 BP AT ABYDOS,
MIDDLE EGYPT
- COFFEE BEAN
•DUFUNA CANOE
- DISCOVERED IN MAY 1987 BY
FULANI HERDSMEN
- 8,000 YEARS OLD
- FOUND IN YOBE RIVER AND THE
VILLAGE OF DUFUNA
- THIRD OLDEST KNOWN IN THE
WORLD
- WATER TRANSPORT
THANK YOU!!