INTRODUCTION TO

NAVAL
ENGINEERING HYDRAULIC
SYSTEMS
 Objectives
 Be able to name 3 naval applications of hydraulics
 Be able to state Pascal’s Law and understand how it
forms the basis for hydraulic applications in the Navy
 Be able to name and state the purpose of 3
components of a hydraulic power plant
 Given a drawing, explain the basic operation of a
hydraulic power plant
 List 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of a hydraulic
power plant
 USES OF HYDRAULICS
 Shipboard systems using hydraulic power
– Steering gear: rudder, fairwater and stern planes
– Deck machinery: anchor windlass, capstans,
winches, etc.
– Valve Actuators
– Mast and antennas on submarines
– Weapons systems: munitions loading and
launching(guns, missiles, and torpedoes)
– Other: presses, elevators
 PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
 Shapelessness
– No natural shape
– Conforms to the shape of the container
 Incompressibility
 Transmission of force
– Force is equally distributed throughout the liquid
 Fluid we use: 2190 TEP
 PASCAL’S LAW

Pressure in a fluid acts equally in all

directions
 Find Pressure
PRESSURE = Find F2
FORCE/AREA

F2 = 200 lbf
A 1 = 2 0 in 2

F1 = 2 0 lbf

A 1 = 2 in 2
Pressure = 10
psi
How we apply Pascal’s law to
make hydraulics work for us
 Hydraulic Pumps
 Positive displacement
 Types
– Rotary gear
– Vane
– Screw
– “Waterbury”
 Parts of a Hydraulic System
 Valves
– What kind?
• Ball
• Check
• Solenoid/power transfer
• Relief
 Filters
– Remove impurities in oil
 Heat exchangers
– Remove heat created by high pressure and moving parts
 Accumulators
 ACCUMULATORS
 Dampens hydraulic shock
 Supply of pressure if pump fails
-
 Maintain pressure without continuous pump operation
 Demand changes
 Make-up
 Three types
– Piston
– Bladder
– Direct contact
How accumulators work
BASIC HYDRAULIC POWER
SYSTEM
Service Ram
Tank Rudder
Stock
Filter

Axial piston Accumulator

pump Actuator
Assembly
MOTOR

From Servo
Control Oil Servo Control Hydraulic
Loop Valve Cylinder
 HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
 ADVANTAGES  DISADVANTAGES
– Long distances – Need for positive
– Great flexibility confinement
– Variable speed control – Fire hazard if leaks
– Safety and reliability occur
– High pressure
– Need filtration
 Review/Summary
 Explain how the function of an
accumulator and describe how it works
 State Pascal’s Law and tell how it relates
to hydraulic applications
 Name 3 Naval applications of hydraulics
 Explain the operation of a hydraulic
power plant (using the provided drawing)