A TECHNICAL SEMINAR

on
WALK AND CHARGE
under
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Presented by
MR. K. SOMASEKHAR
[Reg. No: 184M5A0403]

VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY :: P. KOTHAKOTA

(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, ISO 9001 2015 Certified institution and Accredited by
NAAC)
Tirupati – Chittoor Road, Near Pakala, Chittoor (Dt.), A. P- 517 112.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• TYPES OF CELL PHONE CHARGERS
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• OPERATION
• RECONFIGURABLE PROCESSING FABRIC
• PROGRAMMABLE I/O
• TECHNOLOGIES USED IN CHIP
• COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
ABSTRACT

This project is designed to ensure that our cell phones never run out of juice
by letting us charge it while we are on our daily walk and getting some exercise and
thereby getting two jobs done at the same time. The basic idea is about converting a
part of the bio-mechanical energy spent in our day-to-day lives (while walking) into
a usable form and storing it to charge low-power battery-operated devices.
Although the extensive use of mobile phones have placed us in a
completely new arena but the core of all the mobile phones have remained constant
and that’s the battery and the charging of this battery. The majority of cell phones
use built-in batteries that can be recharged with a charger and an electrical outlet.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

INTRODUCTION
• Mobile phones are used widely in our everyday lives giving us the freedom to
communicate anywhere and at anytime.
• Equipped with various facilities, it is available to people of all classes. The
affordable price range and the easy application make it a pleasure to use.
• Besides communication, they also have various other services programmed in
them.
• Turning apart from the conventional methods of charging the battery of our
mobile phones, this project aims at introducing a new way of mobile phone
charging and also conserving energy.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

TYPES OF CHARGERS
Wall Chargers
• Of all the types of cell-phone chargers, wall chargers are the most common. An
AC wall adapter is included with your cell phone when you purchase it.
Car Chargers
• Car chargers plug into the accessory outlet in your vehicle, allowing you to charge
your cell phone while you drive. Car chargers come in three varieties: fast
chargers, rapid chargers and trickle chargers
Desktop Chargers
• Desktop chargers, also known as docking stations, contain a base with one or
more slots to hold your cell phone or other electronic devices. These chargers
typically connect to your computer with a USB cable. One drawback of desktop
chargers is that you cannot use your cell phone while it is charging.
Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
Emergency Chargers
• Emergency chargers generally require AAA batteries. They do not give enough
power to charge your cell-phone battery completely, but you can get at least a
half-hour of talk time in the event of an emergency.
Green Chargers
• Some companies have begun manufacturing green chargers. Numerous
companies, such as ElectroHiFi and IST SideWinder, produce crank chargers that
permit you to charge your cell phone by turning a crank.
• These chargers typically produce small amounts of power, enough to make an
emergency call. Solio has a solar-powered charger that can also use USB ports or
wall outlets if there is not enough sunlight.
• Nokia has created a bicycle charger that allows you to charge your cell phone as
you pedal your bike.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

WORKING
• This device has to be worn below the knee cap on one leg and a light string is
attached to the other leg. The strides taken help in pulling and retracting the string,
which is further attached to a dynamo that generates about 3.5 Watts; enough to
charge low-powered devices such as our mobile phones.
• This device captures the energy by connecting an electrical generator to leg
movements. When the person extends the gap between the legs, power is
generated by a gear that turns and spins the generator.
• This repeated linear motion could be converted to rotary motion with the help of a
pulley and string.
• The device is clamped on one leg and a hole lets out a string that is attached to the
other leg that helps in the conversion of the displacement into rotary motion.
• Since the electricity produced is bi-directional and contains spikes, an electronic
circuit encompassing a rectifier and a filter converts it into a unidirectional, spike-
free wave and stores the energy produced in rechargeable batteries.
• This stored energy is used as an input supply to mobiles with the help of different
adapters. Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
Fig. 1.: Walk and Charge Arrangement
Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
OPERATION:

The mechanism involves three basic stages:

• Conversion of mechanical to electrical energy
• Storing the electrical energy
• Using this energy to charge mobile phones

Fig. 2.: Operation of Walk and Charge

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
Conversion of mechanical to electrical energy:
• People are an excellent source of portable power. An average-sized person
stores as much energy in fat as a 1,000-kilogram battery.
• The device could be used to power computers in remote regions where
electricity is scarce.
• The repeated linear motion could be converted to rotary motion with the help
of a pulley and string. Thus, the bio-mechanical work is converted into
mechanical form and eventually stored as chemical energy in batteries to store
electric energy.
• The device is clamped on one leg using a Velcro strap and a hole lets out a
Nylon string that is attached to the other leg that helps in the conversion of the
displacement into rotary motion.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

• A dynamo generally means a generator that produces direct current with the use of
a commutator.
• Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for
industry, and the foundation upon which many other later electric-power
conversion devices were based, including the electric motor, the alternating-
current alternator, and the rotary converter.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

Fig. 3.: Circuit Diagram of Walk and Charge

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

Storing the electrical energy:
• Since the electricity produced is bi-directional and contains spikes, an electronic
circuit encompassing a rectifier and a filter converts it into a unidirectional, spike-
free wave and stores the energy produced in rechargeable batteries. This stored
energy is used as an input supply to mobiles.

Storing the electrical energy:

Fig. 4.: Rectifier circuit

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

Using this energy to charge mobile phones:
• Most mobile phone chargers are not really chargers, only adapters that provide a
power source for the charging circuitry which is almost always contained within
the mobile phone.
• They are notably diverse, having a wide variety of DC connector-styles and
voltages, most of which are not compatible with other manufacturers' phones or
even different models of phones from a single manufacturer.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

COMPONENT SPECIFICATION:
• NE555 TIMER IC:
• The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator
applications.

Fig. 5.: NE555 Timer IC Fig. 6.: NE555 Timer Pin Diagram
The 555 Timer has three operating modes:
• Monostable mode: In this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot". Applications include timers,
missing pulse detection, bounce free switches, touch switches, frequency divider, capacitance
measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc.
• Astable - free running mode: The 555 can operate as an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp
flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms, pulse position modulation,
etc.
• Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: The 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not
connected and no capacitor is used. Uses include bounce free latched switches, etc. Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
These specifications apply to the NE555
Supply voltage (VCC) 4.5 to 15 V
Supply current (VCC = +5 V) 3 to 6 mA
Supply current (VCC = +15 V) 10 to 15 mA
Output current (maximum) 200 mA
Maximum Power dissipation 600 mW
Power Consumption (minimum operating) 30 mW@5V, 225 mW@15V
Operating temperature 0 to 70 °C

Fig. 7.: NE555 Timer Circuit Diagram Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

ADVANTAGES
 Increasing the effectiveness of mobiles in rural India by providing a portable
means of charging of mobiles, torches, radios.

 Helping military personnel charge their GPS devices and other low-power
electronic gadgets while on the move.

•  Providing an alternate means to wall-based charging for MP3 players, mobiles,

etc in cities, thereby, helping today’s fast generation to move faster without
mobile battery problems.

• Charging your cell phone might soon be as simple as taking a walk around the
block.
Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
DISADVANTAGES
• It is not waterproof.
• Wear of gear teeth will effect voltage production.
• Leg can be damaged in case of short circuit.

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FUTURE PROSPECTS
• This technique of charging helps us to use the renewable energy from human
movement.

• We can consume electricity without worrying about power shutdown.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

CONCLUSION
Even if 0.1% of the Indian population uses this device,
it can generate 1500 kW/h of energy and can help reduce carbon emission by 2.25
tonnes per day. Thus, Walk-N-Charge promises us a source of energy that is not
only clean, portable and inexpensive, but also charges our mobile while you get
charged up!

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

REFERENCES
• http://www.sandia.gov

• http://www.ferrosi.com

• http://www.google.com

• http://www.wikipedia.org/walkandcharge

• http://www.slideshare.net

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT