WOLLO UNIVERSITY

KOMBOLCHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
POWER STREAM
INTERNSHIP REPORT
HOSTING COMPANY EEU

PREPARED BY
1. TEMAM EBRAHIM ………………………………….. 2107/ 10
2. ZIYAD JEMAL ……………………………………………2359/10
3. MESELE WAGSHUM ………………………………..1690/10
ADVISOR : ASEFA SISAY(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
 Executive summary

This is the final report that we did for the duration of four months internship program at the
Ethiopian Electric Utility particularly, in eastern Addis Ababa district. The report basically consists
of the background of the company, its brief history, its main products or services, its main
customers and its overall organization. In addition to, the report gives brief definitions of
electrical components, operation principles, applications and functions, components and
classification of these components. Plus, to that the report contains the skills that we have
developed from the hosting company, the problem faced, and some ideas that we recommend
for the company.
 CHAPTER ONE
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC UTILITY (EEU)
1.1 Over view of EEU

The company was formed in 1956 as the Ethiopian Electric Light & Power Authority (EELPA),
which bundled all Ethiopian activities around electricity in a single organization.
In 1996, EELPA was split into the Ethiopia Electric Authority (EEA), taking over all regulating
activities and a company, Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO), bundling all activities
from power generation to household delivery. In 2013, EEPCO was again split up into two
companies, Ethiopian Electric Utility and Ethiopian Electric Power. The corporations power supply
and electricity delivery services will be divided between the two companies. Accordingly, the
Ethiopian electric power will be responsible for the power supply while EEU will be responsible
for delivering electricity service and selling a power. According to officials of the corporation, the
new reorganization will help the corporation to be efficient in distributing electric power to the
public and selling.
1.2 EEU Vision and mission
1.2.1 EEU Vision
To be a center of excellence in providing quality electric service to everyone’s doorstep and To
become the utility that fully energizing the Ethiopian economy and people in to 2030 [1]
1.2.2 EEU Mission
“To become the utility that under spin the economy and social transformation through delivery
of cost effective, safe, reliable and high quality power. Bulk power purchase and sale, construct
and operate off grid generation, sub-transmission and distribution networks.
1.3 Main products or services
EEU gives so much products and services through the country.
The main services of Ethiopian electric utility are :-
1.3.1 Distribution of electricity through the country
Power distribution achieved at a primary voltage of different levels, consisting of entirely 3-
phase, 3-wire feeders and is stepped down to a utilization voltage of another low level
specifically in our country as 380/220 (3-phase, 4-wire) using 3-phase transformer.
The transformers used at the company have capacity of 25KVA ,50KVA, 100KVA ,200KVA ,
315KVA etc.
1.3.2 Selling electric power to the customer
The other main service of EEU is selling electric power to the customer by ensuring delivery of
 cost-effective
 safe
 reliable and
 high power quality
1.4 Main customers of the company
They could be put in to one of the following categories:
a. Domestic customers
b. Commercial
c. Street light
d. Industrial (HV and LV)
CHAPTER 2

Over all internship experience

2.1 How we get Into the Company

The University gave us a chance for finding our internship hosting company by ourselves.
However we couldn’t found the company which is suitable for us.

But our university, asked for students who could not found the company by themselves.

By using this chance we could enjoy a company which is suitable for us economically as well as
academically.
2.2 Section we Have Been Worked
We have been working in different distribution area of eastern Addis Ababa EEU . Those are
planning and designing , operation, maintenance, switch gear, construction and transformer work
shop.

planning and designing

It performs the following tasks:
 Designing network sketch
 Feasibility study

 Cost estimation

 Forward the drafted network for constructer

 Identify the desired installation material and other accessory

Distribution construction

It performs the following tasks:

 Putting the transformers in the place where power is to be distributed and testing the
transformer before energized.

 Tapping the medium voltage lines to the transformers that is stepped down to low voltage
level i.e. (400/ 380 v 3-phase and 220v 1-phase). The tapped lines are connected to the drop
out fuse and shunted together to the ground i.e.to the lighting arrester.

 Loading and reloading the poles and lines depending on the customers need (1-phase or
3phase).

 Digging holes to plant poles (wooden or concrete) depending on the amount of voltage.

 Install LV line from MV line according to the customer demand for electricity.
Operation:

operation sections are mainly work on the line operation. They Work on the line fault analysis or
detection Power cutting for maintaining or for finding the fault place by sectioning.
It performs the following tasks:
 Record daily interruption data
 Make monthly and yearly interruption summary report
 Perform immediate maintenance after fault is happened
 Reconnect or reactive the faulted section after maintenance
 Forward permanent faults to the maintenance staff
 Ask permission to disconnect mv line for maintenance and other purposes
 Determine the system reliability of the system
Switchgear
A device that is used to switch, control and protect the circuits as well as devices. This is anxious
about switching as well as interrupting currents under different operating conditions like normal
or abnormal.
 Transformer tasting
 Protection of transformer
 Make termination for underground cable for low voltage and high voltage transmission line
 Inspect indoor, outdoor for compact transformer and distribution transformer
 Oil replacement
 Supervise overall operation of the transformer
 Megger test before installation of the transformer
 Report monthly and yearly damaged transformers by specifying the type of fault that
damaged it
 Check the oil level
Distribution maintenance

Whenever there is a system, failure maintenance staff is responsible. Some basic activities of
maintenance staff are: repairing the failed components, like line conductor, transformer, dropout
fuse, and fuse and fuse box, lighting arrester and all protection equipment.
Transformer work shop
A transformer is a static machine, which is used for transforming voltages or currents as step -
up or step - down in the same frequency.
Tasks performed in transformer work shop
 Identify outer and inner parts of distribution transformer
 Transformer tests
 Transformer oil filteration
 Transformer fault detection
Parts of transformer
 Main tank
 Laminated core
 Windings
 Insulating materials
 Transformer oil
 Tap changer
 Oil Conservator
 Breather
 Buchholz Relay
 Explosion vent
 Radiator
Transformer testing
 Insulation Resistance Testing
 Transformer Ratio testing
 Transformer oil testing
 Load test
2.3 Challenges faced
We can divide the challenges we have faced in to two main categories.
a. Academic challenges
b. Work area challenges
a) Academic challenges
The availability of reading materials to Develop our knowledge in the working
area was always a problem.
Different answers for the same questions by different persons.
b. Work area challenges
Scarcity budget and materials.
lack of transportation
finding the fault on the line is tedious and takes time
working in site is diffcult in afternoon in times sunny.
Measures taken to overcome the challenges
Creating an awareness for workers.
Interchanging of knowledge with the workers.
By patience.
 CHAPTER 3
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
Introduction to electric power system
The electric power system provides a means of generating transmitting and
distributing energy in the form of electric current to the ultimate users.
The four basic element of subsystem of an electrical power system.
Generation
transmission
distribution
 load
 Substations
 A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution
system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or
perform any of several other important functions.
The substation serves three basic purposes. These are:
1. Switching system; is elements which is the in and out of the system. This is
accomplished by relaying equipment; by circuit breakers, disconnects switches and
the associated equipment.
2. Stepping down; is concerning on the voltages in the system. This is accomplished
by power transformer.
3. Regulating system voltages, this is accomplished by shunt reactors, shunt
capacitors, static compensators, etc.
Distribution
The work flow structure of distribution
Power distribution is intended to control medium voltage network and low voltage
network and mainly on designing of low voltage, rehabilitation and construction of
new line. But from all this We work on the designing of the medium voltage line
diagram of eastern Addis Ababa city feeder.
The distribution system also consists of a network of overhead lines and
underground cables by which the power is distributed to the ultimate users of
electricity, which the line is shorter than transmission line, and carry smaller
amount of power when we compared with long transmission line.
 Distribution transformer
A distribution transformer is a static device used for transforming voltage step
down at the same frequncy .
Transformer sizes vary depending on the application and the number of customer
and also the types of institution used that transformer, so that totally the
distribution transformer ratings available in the East Addis Ababa District are :-
25KVA, 50KVA, 100KVA, 200KVA, 315KVA, 400KVA, 500KVA, 630KVA, 800KVA etc.
 The main protection equipment of distribution network
1.Dropout fuse: are used for protection of out-door transformers when the
linesman observes operation of the fuse.
2.Arrester: - it is used to protect the lightning.
3.Insulator:-it used to insulation for safety.
4.HRC fuse: - is high rupturing capacity cartridge fuse and used for over current for
over current protection of low voltage and high voltage circuit.
Figure of protection equipment of distribution network

INSULATOR

ARRESTER

DROUPOUT FUSE

OIL TANKER

FEEDER CABLE

HRC FUSE
Types of cables used for construction of overhead lines
• Cable means any conductor material insulated from each other. There uses
different cable with different voltage label. There are two types of cable
1. ABC :- Arial bundled cable
• Types of ABC cables according to cross-section of conductor
a. ABC 25
b. ABC 50
c. ABC 95
2. AAC:-All Aluminum conductors are not covered by any insulation types. In this
time mostly used to medium voltage network.
Equipment used for overhead electric lines construction is:
a) Poles
b) Insulation cup
c) Stays etc
Poles of electric power in power distribution
The power distribution network poles are three types according to made of
materials. These are
1) Wood poles
2) Steel poles
3) Concrete poles
The power distribution the pole mounted is different to different depends on soil
types. The space of pole mounted is 30 meters. In power distribution network
there is two types of poles according to uses. These are:-
1, low-tension poles (LV)
2, high-tension poles (MV)
1. Low-tension poles
The low tension poles are poles which carry the low voltage network cable (220v or
380v). The length of low-tension poles slightly shorter than the high-tension poles.
The lengths of these poles are 8 meter and 9 meter
The length of the poles in to the earth is different in different length these are
In 8 meter pole is undergrounded 1.20 meter and
In 9 meter pole is undergrounded 1.30 meter
2. High-tension poles
The high tension poles is it carry the medium voltage network cable (15kv or 33kv).
The length of the high tension poles are 10 meters , 11 meters and 12 meters
Under grounded of the poles length is different in different length these are
In 10 meter pole is undergrounded 1.40 meter and
In 11 meter pole is undergrounded 1.50 meter
In 12 meter pole is undergrounded 1.60 meter
 CHAPTER 4
OVERALL BENEFIT WE GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP
1 Improving our Practical Skills
We can offer:
a. Creativity and an innovative approach to solving problems;
b. The ability to analyze and interpret diverse, complex data;
c. Critical thinking and the ability to evaluate designs maintain and projects;
d. Effective assessment and management of risk, resources and time;
e. Highly developed numeracy and computer literacy;
f. Interpersonal sensitivity, persuasiveness and the ability to work as part of a
team;
g. Clear written and oral communication skills
2 Upgrading our theoretical knowledge
Internship program gives us the opportunity to apply our theoretical knowledge in
real world environments, In addition to the practical skill. Almost all the courses we
took were focused on theoretical part, thanks to this internship program; we are
now able to upgrade our theoretical knowledge by practice.
3 Improving our interpersonal communication skills
In the company, we were working with all the staff members and any individual
peacefully, by the experience we have gained from our internship program.
Good communication is the life blood of the Electrical engineering profession. And
it takes many forms, such as speaking, writing and listening, it has the following
advantages.
1. To handle information
2. To persuade people
3. To improve relationships with others
4 Improving our team playing skills
Spiking a person with good team playing skill the following qualities
a. Demonstrates reliability
b. Communicates constructively
c. Listens actively
d. Functions as an active participant
e. Shares openly and willingly
f. Cooperates and helps others
g. Exhibits flexibility
h. Shows commitment to the team
i. Works as a problem-solver
j. Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner
5 Improving our leadership skills
Leadership is a process of leading the careers of the company. Problems in the
company come in all size, shape and color in different period time.
there are certain things must be known to do that, these are;
a. Know our and seek self-improvement
b. be technically proficient
c. Seek responsibility and take responsibility for actions
d. Make sound and timely decisions
e. Know peoples and look out for their well-being
f. Keep workers informed
6 work ethic related issues
Ethical work conduct enables us in order to posses’ appropriate behaviors in the
work and so we develop proper relationships with co-workers and it helps us to
create good working environment. There are two common types of ethics. These
are
1. Personal ethics and
2. Professional ethics
1. Personal ethics
What we gained in the company principles of personal ethics include:
a. Concern for the well-being of others
b. Honesty
c. Compliant to the law
2 Professional ethics
Professional ethics refers to the standards or a set of moral principles for
regulating behaviors of a certain defined profession.
The following are some of the common professional ethical principles
Punctuality
Office disciplines
Reliability
Honesty
Cooperation
7 Entrepreneurship skills
While participating in this internship we realize that creativity and problem solving
is one of the starting points of entrepreneurs.
This internship motivates us not to be employee because it enables us to know
more about our career, the real challenges, and way of business establishment in
this profession.
To be a good entrepreneur, you must have the following abilities/skills
 Risk management and
Self confidence.
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
The internship teaches us a lot of things The internship helps us to know what
kind of work an engineer of specific branch plays in a company. It helps us to get an
opportunity of working in groups of qualified people and teaches us about
company ethics. In Our report we tried to include the company’s overall
background, the work done in the company and also the benefits we have gained
during our stay. The benefits are more advantageous because they can shape the
generation in all way. The practical trainings are very useful more than theoretical
concept that is due to every real life needs practical works.
During these four months of work there we developed our team work
intrapersonal, analytical thinking and problem-solving skills.
5.2 Recommendations
 There is no enough written document and manuals which contains the detail
information about the substation equipment’s, control system and about the
company. Therefore, the company should prepare the written document in order
to easily understand about the substation and its electrical equipment.
Failure of electrical equipment’s such as transformers, relays, current
transformers, circuit breakers and bushings which are found in the substation.
Unfortunately, there is no skilled man in that area who knowing the detail
structure and maintenance of these equipment. The company should practice for
handling and maintaining such expensive devices in a better way.
THANK YOU ‼‼‼