ASSIGNMENT BY:

AQSA FAROOQ
TOPIC : LIVER FUNCTIONS TEST
ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER DISEASES
LIVER:
Liver is 2nd largest internal
organ of the body
it consist of two main lobes
LEFT LOBE and RIGHT LOBE
and the weigh of both lobes
together is from 1400-1600g
in normal adult.
FUNCTION OF LIVER
1. BIOSYNTHESIS:
• protein of our body albumin, globuins , lipoproteins etc
2. METABOLIC REGULATION:
• plays a major role in carbohydrates, lipids and protein metabolism
3. DETOXIFICATIONS:
• detoxification of endogenous and exogenous compounds
4. SECRETION:
• secretion of Water soluble end products, bile salts etc
5. STORAGE:
• It store fat soluble vitamins and water soluble as B12
LIVER FUNCTION TEST CAN BE USED
TO..
• Screen for liver infections, such as hepatitis
• monitor the progession of disease such as viral or alchoholic hepatitis
and determine how well a treatment is working
• measure the severity of a disease
• monitor possible side effects of medications
LIVER FUNCTION TEST
• LFT check the levels of certain enzymes and proteins in your blood.
• levels that are higher or lower than normal can indiicate liver
problems. some common liver function tests includes:
PERAMETERS
1. ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT)
• ALT is an enzyme found in liver that helps your body metabolize protein. when the
liver is damage ALT released into the bloodstream and the level of ALT increases
2. ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE (AST)
• AST is an enzyme that helps metabolize alanine, an amino acid. like ALT,AST is
normally present in blood at low levels. an increase in AST levels may indicate liver
damage or muscle damage
3. ALKALINE PHOSPHATE (ALP)
• ALP is an enzyme in the liver, bile ducts and bones. higher than the normal level of
ALP may indicate liver damage or disease such as blocked bile duct, or certain
bone disease
4. ALBUMIN AND TOTAL PROTEIN:
• albumin is one of several protein made in liver. your body needs these
proteins to fight infections and to perform other functions. lower than
the normal level on albumin and total protein might indicate liver
damage or a disease
5. BILIRUBIN:
• bilirubin is a substance produced during the normal breakdown of
RBCs . bilirubin passes through the liver and is excreted in stool.
increased levels of bilirubin (jaundice) might indicate liver damage or
disease or certain types of anemia
6. GAMMA- GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE (GGT)
• GGT is an enzyme in the blood. higher than normal levels may indicate
liver or bile duct damage.
7. L-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LD)
• LD is an enzyme found in the liver. increased level may indicate liver
damage but can ne increased in many other disorders
8. PROTHROMBIN (PT)
• PT is the time it takes your blood to clot. increased PT may indicate liver
damage but can also be increased if you are taking certain blood thinning
drugs such as warfarin