UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)
Plant Utilities CHF-451
Session : Jan- May 2021
Prepared By:
Dr. METALI SARKAR
Assistant Professor
E-10048
Metali.e10048@cumail.in

DISCOVER . LEARN. EMPOWER

 Course Objectives
COURSE OUTCOME

After completion of the course, the students will be able to

•Define utilities and related terminology used in the Industry
•Understand the utility requirement and its applications in the industry.
•Determine the basics and different types of plant utilities used in the chemical
process industry.
•Analyze hazard management for different industries using HAZOP
•Evaluate the various risk assessment methods in industries.

www. cuchd.in Campus : Gharaun, Mohali

 COURSE OUTCOME TO BE COVERED Compressed air
and Vacuum
CO Title Level
Number
CO1 Remember
Define utilities and related
terminology used in the Industry
CO2 Understand
Understand the utility requirement
and its applications in the
industry.
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS

Detailed Analysis

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

Block diagram of reciprocating
compressor

It is a piston and cylinder

device with (automatic)
spring controlled inlet and
exhaust valves

There is a clearance
between the piston crown
and the top of the
cylinder.

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Construction of Reciprocating
Compressors

● Reciprocating compressors can be divided into two

main groups.

1. Gas end.
2. Power end.

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Different Parts Of Gas End

Various parts of gas end are:

● Cylinder & liner
● Piston
● Piston rod
● Piston rod packing
● Piston rings
● Valves

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Different Parts of Power End

Various parts of power end are

● Crank and Crankshaft
● Connecting rod
● crosshead

Crank and crankshaft

Connecting rod crosshead

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Rod Run Out

● It's a measurement criterion used to determine piston rod running

alignment variations relative to cylinder crosshead alignment

● Runout must be checked in both horizontal and vertical directions

Taken from
API standard 618
Unit-1 Plant Utilities
Fifth Edition
 Relief Valve

● Used to control or limit the pressure in a system or vessel

● The pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurized fluid to flow from an
auxiliary passage out of the system
● Designed or set to open at a predetermined set pressure

Table showing margin pressure for relief valves

Taken from
API standard 618
Fifth Edition
Unit-1 Plant Utilities
Cycle Analysis
process
1->2 compression
2->3 discharge
3->4 expansion
4->1 induction

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Volumetric efficiency

● It is Ratio of the actual volume of gas sucked by it to the theoretical volume that it
could have sucked if clearance volume was not present.

• It is also defined as ratio of intake mass flow rate to the theoretical swept
volume mass flow rate

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Work and Power Definitions

The theoretical work required for gas compression, W, calculated by

integrating the PV curve is

Where n is polytropic exponent

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Adiabatic And Isothermal Power

Power supplied in adiabatic compression

Power supplied in isothermal compression

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Shaft Power And Actual Power

Shaft power is the experimentally measured power required to

run a compressor
It is given by

Actual power is defined as the power required for gas compression

only . It is power integrated from an experimentally measured PV curve

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 Various types of efficiencies

Adiabatic efficiency Mechanical efficiency

Isothermal efficiency
Overall efficiency

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 APPLICATIONS
• The design of the equipments are beneficial for the various industrial applications:
• Pharmaceutical- Moving product on conveyor systems
– Spraying coatings on pharmaceuticals
– Maintaining pressure in mixing and holding tanks
– Bottling and packaging products
• Food and Beverage- Packing and palleting products
– Closing and checking devices
– Filling equipment for drinks
– Cooling and freezing products
• For combustion air suppliers, drying and cooling systems

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 CONCLUSION

• Today we learned:
• The necessity and fundamentals of the subject.
• The different types of plant utilities.
• The importance of efficient management of plant
utilities.

Department of Chemical Engineering

 References
• http://kolmetz.com/pdf/EDG/ENGINEERING%20DESIGN%20GUIDELINES%20-%
20Compressors%20REV02.pdf
.

• http://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/machine/ui/Course_home-
lec6.html

• http://www.industrialblowers.in/fan-blower-design.html

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

For any Query
metali.e10048@cumail.in

Unit-1 Plant Utilities

 THANK YOU

Department of Chemical Engineering