Simultaneous

linear equations
 Contents

• Direct proportion.

• Solving of simultaneous equations.

• Solve problems involving simultaneous equation or direct proportion.

 Direct proportion

 Proportion is used to show how quantities and amounts are related to each other. The amount
that quantities change in relation to each other is governed by proportion rules.

There is a  direct proportion between two values when one is a multiple of the other.  The
symbol for direct proportion is  .
 Example

 is directly proportional to , and when then . Write a proportionality equation involving
and .
Solution: They are directly proportional, so

Put in what we know ( and )

Dividing both sides by :

The constant of proportionality is , so equation will be in the following form:

 Solve

• The value  is directly proportional to  . When , . Write an equation relating   and .

• is directly proportional to . If then find when .

• is directly proportional to . When . Write a proportionality equation involving

and .
 Simultaneous equations

Simultaneous equations are solved at the same time to find value of more than one
variable.

Simultaneous equations require algebraic skills to find the values of letters within two
or more equations. They are called simultaneous equations because the equations are
solved at the same time.

Simultaneous equations can be solved by using elimination method.

P.S. While using elimination method pay attention to the signs.

 Examples

  lv e the f ollo win g pai r of simu ltan eo u s line ar eq uatio n s:

So

So lu tio n: We can e lim inate th e - ter ms b ec ause the y hav e ma tchi ng co eff icien ts.

T h ey h ave th e sam e sig n s so sub tra ct.

Su b stitute in to
a nd

C h eck usin g .
 Ex:2 Solve:

Solution:
Multiply each equation by a suitable number so that the two equations have the same leading
coefficient. An easy choice is to multiply by  3, the coefficient of   in , and multiply by  2, the
coefficient in :

Both equation now have the same leading coefficient

Subtract from
and Solve obtained equation for
Substitute into

Check using
 Solve

 
 Solving word problems

 Example: Mr and Mrs Smith take their two children to the cinema. The total cost is £33.
Mr Jones takes his three children to the cinema and the total cost is £27.50. Calculate the
price of a child's ticket and an adult's ticket.

Solution:

Let  be the cost of an adult ticket and   be the cost of a child’s ticket. There are two adults
and two children in the Smith family, so the total cost can be described by the equation:

There is one adult and three children in the Jones family. The equation for the total cost
is:
 Solving word problems

Now we are solving a pair of simultaneous equations:

 
(1)

(2)

To g i v e a c o m m o n c o e f f i c i e n t f o r , ( 2 ) m u l t i p l y b y a n d s u b t r a c t ( 1 ) .

So we get

a n d – t h e c o s t o f c h i l d ’s t i c k e t

I n o r d e r t o f i n d a n a d u l t ’s t i c k e t c o s t , s u b s t i t u t e c o s t o f c h i l d ’s t i c k e t i n t o o n e o f t h e o r i g i n a l e q u a t i o n s :

and

So, a child's ticket costs and an adult's ticket costs .

 Solve

 1000 tickets were sold.  Adult tickets cost $8.50, children's cost $4.50, and a total of
$7300 was collected.  How many tickets of each kind were sold?

 The sum of two number is 14 and their difference is 2. Find the numbers.

 Two pens and one eraser cost Rs. 35 and 3 pencil and four erasers cost Rs. 65. Find the
cost of pencil and eraser separately.

 In a school, there are 880 students in total. If there is 20% more boys than girls, find
the number of boys and girls in the school.
Thanks for attention!