SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND

ARCHITECHTURE, JNAFAU

Topics : Purpose Of Infrastructure & Desktop

study – PATNA

Submitted to:
Mr. Rithvik
Ms. Mounika
Submitted by:
Deepika.T
18011BA029
Sem-VI
B.Tech planning
 WATER SUPPLY SEWAGE MANAGEMENT

Water supply is the provision of water by public A sewerage system, or wastewater

utilities, commercial organisations, community collection system, is a network of pipes, pumping
endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system stations, and appurtenances that convey sewage from
of pumps and pipes. its points of origin to a point
PURPOSE: of treatment and disposal.
The function of a water distribution system is to PURPOSE:
deliver water to all customers of the system in The main function of a sanitary sewer system is to
sufficient quantity for potable drinking water and protect water quality and public health. A series of
fire protection purposes, at the appropriate underground pipes and manholes, pumping stations,
pressure, with minimal loss, of safe and and other appurtenances convey sewage from homes,
acceptable quality, and as economically as businesses and industries to wastewater treatment
possible. plants where it is cleaned and returned to the
environment.
Low Less
wast
cost Benefits efull
of sewage
treatment
Little
No maint
water enanc
bills e

Break Rids
downs poten
solid tial
Minimal
faster diseas
odour
Fresh water supply emmisio
es
system system
Water supply ns

https://www.carlowtanks.ie/the-benefits-of-a-modern-wastewater-treatment-system/
 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STORM WATER DRAINAGE

Solid waste management is a term that is used to
refer to the process of collecting and treating solid
wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items
 that do not belong to garbage or trash.  urban areas where run-off cannot infiltrate because
PURPOSE:
The primary goal of solid waste management is
reducing and eliminating adverse impacts
of waste materials on human health and the
environment to support economic development and
superior quality of life. This is to be done in the
most efficient manner possible, to keep costs low
and prevent waste buildup.
Storm water management means to manage
surface runoff. It can be applied in rural areas (e.g.
to harvest precipitation water), but is essential in
the surfaces are impermeable. Traditional storm
water management was mainly to drain high peak
flows away.
Storm drains are the metal grates that are found on
streets, often at corners and on the sides of curbs
and gutters.
PURPOSE:
The purpose of the storm drain is to help prevent
flooding by diverting rainwater and melted snow off
of the streets and other paved surfaces and into a
natural body of water.

Individual
property
collection

Methods
Road Sewer
of SW
Functional Drainage collection drainage
elements of
SWM
Open
channel
drainage
 ELECTRICITY URBAN TRANSPORT

Purpose of urban transport

Electricity is a form of energy resulting from the Successful urban transport systems ought to increase
movement of charged particles, such as electrons commercial and labor market efficiency, increase access
(particles with a negative charge) and protons to amenities, and make changes in the scale and form of
(particles with a positive charge). urban agglomerations possible, all without undue
Electricity is an essential part of modern life and it adverse effects on the environment. 
helps us in many different ways. 
The purpose of urban transportation planning is:
With the discovery of electricity, human life has a) To develop and analyze alternatives plans for
become easier by using electricity to perform many meeting community transportation needs, and
functions every day, such as lighting, heating, present those to citizens and decision makers.
cooling of homes and operating various electrical b) To build analytical models of the urban
appliances. transportation system
Uses of Electricity c) To predict transportation demand.
d) To foster expansion of transit systems
Comme Industr e) To identify urban transportation problems.
rcial ial
sector growth
Urban
public
sector
Agricu Safety
ltural in the
produc commun
tivity ity Urban Urban
Transport road
Institutions Elements system
Social Transp of Urban
interacti ortatio Transport
on n sector

Medic Home Non-

 Traffic
motorized
al uses uses transport
manageme
nt systems
systems
 PATNA city , Bihar
City profile:
Patna is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. It had an estimated population of 1.68 million in 2011, making it the 19th
largest city in India. With over 2 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India. Patna is located on the south bank of
the Ganga River. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its confluence of rivers. The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four
other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity. Patna is approximately 25 km
long and 9 km to 10 km wide.It is located between the river Ganges in the North, the river ‘Pun Pun’ in the South and the river ‘Sone’ in
the west. Due to the presence of large perennial rivers on three sides, there is limited scope for geographical growth of the town. As a result
of this constraint Patna has developed as a linear city, which has its bearings on municipal sanitation jobs.

Selection Criteria: DIRTIEST city in India according to Swachh Survekshan (Population >10 lakhs)
 Water Supply
Bihar, one of the poorest states in the
country faces tremendous challenges in
ensuring access to safe water for its
population. Several districts have
reported of contamination of
groundwater with fluoride, arsenic,
bacteria, and iron. The state capital
Patna is also facing the problem of
availability of pure drinking water to all
segments of population. The high
surface water potential of Ganga is
unutilized in Patna leading to over
exploitation of groundwater and
consequently mixing of dirt, mud, and
arsenic with groundwater. The main
problem with the existing system is non-
uniform supply and contamination due
to poor and old supply network.
 Annual
262 MLD 250 MLD Revenue
expenditure
60%
on water
2,005,800
262 MLD 202 MLD

 The city needs about 215 million litres per day (MLD) of water, and gets 202 MLD. Only 60 percent of
population is covered by the water supply system.
 The public water supply system comprises 98 tube wells (11 non-functional) that pump water directly to the
distribution mains.
 The only form of treatment is by online electro-chlorinators.
 The distribution system includes 23 overhead reservoirs of which only the one’s at Agam Kuan, Guljarbagh
Press, Guru Govind Singh Hospital and High Court (all maintained by PHED) are functional.
 As per city development plan, Patna also has 30,000 public stand posts and approximately 23,000 public hand
pumps.
 The tube wells operate for 15 hours a day and about 65% of them are less than 5 years old.
 The ground water level is at 2-8m and piped water supply covers 60% of households.
 The gross water supply in the city is around 186 MLD with about 91 litres per capita per day (lpcd) as per
2011 population.
 MoUD
Benchmarks
91
Service Level Benchmarks-WATER 100%

135
135 lpcd

12
24 hours

97 100%
SUPPLY

0 100%

100%

10 20%

50
80%

0 100%

0
90%
 Sewage Management ( Sewerage & Sanitation)
The
The sewerage
sewerage system
system in
in Patna
Patna was
was established
established
in
in 1936.
1936. Right
Right now
now the
the solid
solid waste
waste is
is poorly
poorly
managed
managed by
by the
the municipality.
municipality. The
The city
city has
has four
four
sewage
sewage treatment
treatment plants
plants located
located at
at Saidpur
Saidpur (45
(45
MLD),
MLD), Beur
Beur (35
(35 MLD),
MLD), Pahari
Pahari (25
(25 MLD)
MLD) and
and
Karmali
Karmali Chak
Chak (16
(16 MLD)
MLD) although
although the
the quantum
quantum
of
of sewage
sewage reaching
reaching the
the plants
plants is
is very
very less
less since
since
the
the sewage
sewage system
system is
is completely
completely dilapidated.
dilapidated. As
As
per
per Census
Census 2001,62.51%
2001,62.51% of
of the
the households
households had
had
water
water closet
closet latrines,
latrines, and
and 20.37%
20.37% had
had pit
pit
latrines.
latrines. Open
Open defecation
defecation was
was practiced
practiced by
by
9.01%
9.01% of
of households.
households. ItIt is
is estimated
estimated that
that the
the
town
town has
has aa sewer
sewer length
length of
of 27.4
27.4 km.
km. The
The
municipal
municipal corporation
corporation area
area has
has only
only 21
21 public
public
toilets
toilets which
which are
are poorly
poorly maintained.
maintained. The
The
sewerage
sewerage system
system isis inadequate
inadequate for
for aa town
town of
of
Patna’s
Patna’s size
size leading
leading to
to spillage
spillage and
and
accumulation
accumulation in
in low
low lying
lying areas.
areas. Further,
Further, water
water
bodies
bodies make
make the
the living
living environment
environment unhygienic.
unhygienic.
 WW MLD

85% 10% Total Sewage 290.2

MLD

Capacity of STPs 121

2%
Capacity Gap 140.2
85%
90% Percent 43.7%
Treatment
15% Capacity

 Underground sewerage system is one of the best methods of waste disposal. However, only 20% of the total
households in urban areas of Patna are covered with underground sewerage system.
 This increases the dependencies on the septic tank and low cost sanitation systems in the remaining 80% of areas
in Patna. Around 15% of population in Patna is dependent on public shared toilets.
 The city has a floating population of approximately three lakh in numbers that depends on public or community
toilets.
 less than 10 per cent of the city's population is connected to a sewage network; which means 90 per cent of the
city's excreta is discharged into open drains and eventually into the river.
 From the drains, it possibly percolates into the ground water which is pumped up and supplied for drinking.
 MoUD
100% Benchmarks
100%
65%
100%

75%
Service Level Benchmarks-

100%
Waste water management

68%
100%

70% 100%

85%
100%

10%
20%

70%
80%

60%
90%
 Solid Waste Management Percentage of different types of
waste generation

62 MT 43 MT 11.9 MT 31 TPD

Quality of MSW collection

 There is no public collective system to dispose of solid waste, resulting in

the general disposal of waste on the side of roads and other open spaces,
which adds to pollution and health hazards. Quality of MSW transport
 There is no proper treatment or transporting of garbage, although a civil
society initiative called the “Chakachak Patna Solid Waste Management
Programme”, which entails door to door collection of solid waste in the city,
has recently been initiated.
 The city generates approximately 1200 tonnes of solid wastes every day.
52% of this is domestic waste and the rest is industrial, hospital and
commercial waste.
 SWM Initiatives undertaken includes: Procured 720 Hand carts, 1324 of 1.1 Quality of MSW treatment
Cum Bins, Tricycle Rickshaws 225, 135 Tractors, JCB 13, Robot 12,
Compactors 25, Tippers 8, Haiwa 19;
 Weighbridge at Landfill site installed and operational;
 Waste to Energy Plant of 11.5 MW is being commissioned at Bairia village.
 MoUD
50%
Benchmarks
100%

50%
100%
Service Level Benchmarks-
solid water management

50% 100%

50%
80%

0%
100%

90% 100%

70% 80%

80% 90%
 Storm Water Drainage
Since 1968, no new drainage system was built in Patna. The city expanded, its population increased, but no one paid
attention to planning. Patna has 535 drains. These include nine big drains, 14 medium, and 172 small ones. These
drains are connected to 38 sump houses, which discharge 10,600 million liters of water per day to adjacent rivers.

80

30
 URBAN TRANSPORT
Being the state capital, Patna is well connected with the rest of India and also with the different districts within the
state of Bihar. The most common modes of transport within the city are via taxis, autos and buses. It is connected
with the other cities through air, road and also via waterways. 
The existing circulation pattern of
Patna is of linear type due the
geographic location of the city
between two rives on North and
South. The city of Patna has
approximately 1,300 kilometres of
road network, only 346 kilometres of
which are surfaced dominantly as
east west orientation of arterial road.

Road Network in Patna

 Connected with local and National highways.
 National Highways – 19,30,31, and 83
 The major corridors are the Ashok Rajpath, Patna-Danapur
Road, Bailey Road, Harding Road and Kankarbagh Road.
Airways Waterways in Patna
Patna is connected by National Waterways No. 1 which was established on
October 1986. Patna has a fixed terminal in the National waterways.
Number of boats and staemer ply on the water routes to other parts of Bihar
and nearby state of West Bengal.

Internal Transportation in Patna

Lok Nayak Jayaprakash
Airport also known as Patna
airport also is well connected
by air to the Delhi, Mumbai,
Kolkata, Lucknow, Kathmandu
and Ranchi airports.
Transportation within the city during the day is relative simple, however
it could pose a problem during late night as the city retires early. The
transportation within Patna city is quite affordable and plenty of options
are available. The most common modes of transportation in the city are
Taxis, Autos and Buses.
Overall LOS LOS achieved

Railway Connectivity
Railway infrastructure in Patna
was built by the British in 1862
to support the transport of raw
materials and finished goods30
. The city is a major railway
hub with six major stations.
These are, Patna Junction,
Rajendranagar Terminal,
Gulzarbagh Station, Danapur ,
Patna Sahib Station &
Patliputra station.
 ELECTRICITY

Individual
 Electricity coverage in urban Bihar has improved domestic
electricity
markedly. connections
 The PESU receives power through four sub grid 266,375
stations, namely, Jakkarnour, Khagaul, Fatwah and
Gaighat.
 In 1975, there were 7 sub-stations, which increased
PESU is
to 15 in 1987 and today, it has reached to more than
divided
40.
into
 It indicates increasing electricity demand in the city.
 It is unclear how much of the population of Patna
this covers, and how supply is distributed.
 Although it is widely reported that illegal
connections proliferate in slums and poorer East zone West zone
neighbourhoods (CDP, 2006).
 The PMC levies a tax on all electricity connections, Further
but the collection rate is very low. divided
into
 Power surges and cuts are furthermore very
frequent, although these affect different areas of the
city differently. Divisions
 The richer areas and the new business centre of
Patna to the West of the city, around Boring Road in
particular, have an advantage from better supply
than the poorer Eastern side of the city.
Sub
stations
 Connection  Household customers  97% --- 0-2 Kw, 3% --- 2-5 Kw
capacity  Agriculture customers  96% ---0-5hp, 4% --- 20hp
 Commercial customers  100% --- 0-2 W
 Institutional customers  98% --- 0-5 Kw, 2% --- >75Kw
with different Grid connection capacity.

Power Average No. of hours of supply 16.5 Hours/day

Availability
Power • % of customers reporting NO power • 10%
reliability cuts. • 89%
•
Electricity

% of customers reporting power cuts.

Power quality No. of customers with number of voltage 11%

fluctuations.

Affordability • % of household customers with 85%

affordable access to electricity.

Safety Reported occurrence of any electricity 19%

measures related accident in past one year.

Customer • % of customers with a metered • 81%

service connection.
• % of customers reporting a fixed billing • 6%
frequency
• Time taken to resolve a complaint • 3 hours – 1week
 References
https://www.cseindia.org/patna-municipal-corporation-8292
http://udhd.bihar.gov.in/SLA/Patna.pdf
https://
idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/55689/IDL-55689.pdf?sequenc
e=1&isAllowed=y
http://smartpatna.co.in/profile.aspx
https://www.pmc.bihar.gov.in/drainage.aspx
https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-11/SPI_Electrification_15.pdf
THANK YOU