UMTS

PSTN / Network Intra- /

ISDN Internet

Enhanced GSM Phase 2+

Core Network

A Gb Iu
BSS Co-existence of UTRAN
GSM Base Station GSM & UMTS UMTS Terrestrial
Subsystem network elements Radio Access Network

Um Uu

GSM GSM / UMTS UMTS

GSM  UMTS Evolution

 saves investment costs
 reduces implementation risks
Release `99
Network Overview
Fig. 1 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 3)
Network Overview
TS 23.002:

RAN CN
Network Architecture

Radio Access Network Core Network

External
Networks
GSM BSS CS Domain

Entities common
to the CS & PS Domain

UE
UTRAN
PS Domain
TS 23.060:
GPRS

Fig. 2 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 5)

 UMTS TS 23.002

Network
GSM BSS CS Domain
PSTN
BTS T MSC /
B R VLR GMSC
A IWF/ ISDN
S U TC
BTS C
CSE EIR HLR AuC
UTRAN
Node B R X.25
(n x BTS)
UE N
Node B C SGSN GGSN IP
(n x BTS)

PS Billing
R Domain CGF
System
Node B
(n x BTS) N SMS-GMSC
C SMS-IWMSC
SM-SC
CGF: Charging Gateway Function
TC: Transcoding
CSE: CAMEL Service Environment
IWF: Interworking Functions
SM-SC: Short Message Service Centre
Fig. 3 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 7)
 UMTS
GSM BSS Network CS Domain
PSTN
BTS T MSC /
B R VLR GMSC
A IWF/ ISDN
S U TC
BTS C
CSE EIR HLR AuC
UTRAN
Node B R X.25
(n x BTS)
UE N
Node B C SGSN GGSN IP
(n x BTS)

PS Billing
R Domain CGF
System
Node B
(n x BTS) N SMS-GMSC
SM-SC
C Release `99 CN: SMS-IWMSC

CS Domain
Fig. 4 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 9)
 3G MSC SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
SM-SC
Mobile services
Switching Center
E GMSC:
GMSC:
• •PSTN/ISDN
PSTN/ISDNInterface
Interface
• •Interrogating HLR
Interrogating HLR
• •routing
routingtotoactual
B T UE
actual
R A VLR VLR UElocation
location
S A PSTN
B B
C U
E
MSC GMSC ISDN
IWF/
Iu(CS) TC C Main
Gs F
MSC
R
tasks:
N EIR HLR • Switching
C SGSN • Handling CS Services
• Call Setup / Release
• Charging
MSC: LA1 LA2 • Interfaces:
MSC: A, B, C, E, F,
• •always
alwaysassociated
associatedwith
withVLR
VLR Gs, Iu(CS)
• •control of geographical area:
control of geographical area:
MSC
MSCAreaArea==11/ /several
several LA3 LA4
Location
LocationArea
AreaLA
LA
• •V(isited)-MSC
V(isited)-MSCfor
forall
allUEs
UEs
ininMSC
MSCArea
Area
MSC Area
Fig. 5 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 11)
SMS-GMSC
TS 23.002
SMS-IWMSC
External
CS MSC / Networks
all or some designated
MSCs can act as Domain VLR
SMS-GMSC/IWMSC
(Network operator
dependent) E

SMS-GMSC SM-SC
SMS Gateway MSC
Short Message
SMS-IWMSC Service Center
SMS Interworking MSC

Gd

PS
Domain SGSN

Fig. 6 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 13)

 VLR Main
Visitor Location VLR
Register tasks:

VLR as „MSCs Data Base“: for all UEs in MSC Area

• storing Subscriber profiles
• Subscriber Profile, • Mobility Management
e.g. IMSI, MSISDN,
Services (TS, BS, SS),.. • storing Location Information
• Temporary Subscriber Data • controlling
e.g. LMSI, TMSI, MSRN, Security Features*
Security Parameter,
Location Information,
IMSI attach/detach,..

B
MSC

Fig. 7 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 15)

VLR
* e.g. Authentication, Authorization,
Cipher & Integrity Start
••Location
LocationUpdates
Updates D
••Subscriber Profiles
SubscriberProfiles VLR
VLR
••Security Parameter
Security Parameter
(via HLR  VLR)
(via HLR  VLR)
••Interrogation
Interrogation
(MSRN HLR AuC
(MSRNvia
viaHLR
HLRtotoGMSC)
GMSC)
TS: Tele Services
BS: Bearer Services IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity
SS: Supplementary Services LMSI: Local Mobile Subscriber Identity
MSRN: Mobile Station Roaming Number TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
 TC
Transcoding T CN
B Core Network VLR
& R A
S A
IWF B
C U
InterWorking Function
E
RAN MSC
Radio Access IWF/
Network
Iu(CS) TC Gs F
C

R • Interworking: TDM  ATM

N IWF
• all „classical“ CN-Interfaces (A-G):
TDM based (E1/T1  PCM30/PCM24)
C • Iu(CS): ATM based

BlaBl
a
BlaBla
Bla
TC Bla
Transcoding

4.75 – 12.2 kbit/s • CN function in UMTS: 64 kbit/s (ISDN)

part of MSC or standalone N.E.
AMR: Adaptive MultiRate
• Conversion of Speech Data (CN  RAN):
using AMR speech codec
• CN: 64 kbit/s (ISDN)
CN
UTRAN • RAN: 4.75 – 12.2 kbit/s (AMR)

Fig. 8 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 17)

 UMTS
GSM BSS Network CS Domain
PSTN
BTS T MSC /
B R VLR GMSC
A IWF/ ISDN
S U TC
BTS C
CSE EIR HLR AuC
UTRAN
Node B R X.25
(n x BTS)
UE N
Node B C SGSN GGSN IP
(n x BTS)

PS Billing
R Domain CGF
System
Node B
N
(n x BTS)
Release `99 CN: SMS-GMSC
SM-SC
C SMS-IWMSC
Entities common
to CS & PS Domain
Fig. 9 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 19)
 HLR AuC
Home Location Register Authentication Center

• Subscriber Registration
• Storing/Management CS Domain • Storing „secret Keys“
subscriber profiles (counterpart: USIM) &
• Deliver profiles to VLR/SGSN Security Algorithm
MSC /
• Storing Location Information
VLR GMSC • Generating Security Parameter
• (VLR / SGSN) (GSM: Triples; UMTS: Quintets)
• MTC: Deliver Routing • Deliver Parameter to VLR /
information to GMSC / GGSN SGSN (via HLR)
• Associated with AuC D C • Associated with HLR

HLR AuC

Gr Gc

SGSN GGSN

PS Domain
BS: Bearer Service
TS: Tele Service
SS: Supplementary Service
Subscriber data (Examples): CSI: CAMEL Subscription Information
• Semi-permanent Data: MSISDN, IMSI, Services QoS: Quality of Service
(BS, TS, SS), QoS Profile, CSI, Service Restrictions,.. IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity
MSISDN: Mobile Station ISDN Number
• Temporary Data: VLR / SGSN address, MSRN: Mobile Station Roaming Number
MS Non-Reachable flag, MSRN, SMS flags,..
Fig. 10 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 21)
 EIR
Equipment Identity Register • Storing IMEIs
(counterpart: ME)
on White / Gray / Black List
CS Domain • Performing IMEI Check
on VLR / SGSN request
MSC / • optional network function
VLR

EIR
Gf

SGSN
IMEI
International
PS Domain Mobile station
Equipment
Identity

Fig. 11 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 23)

 CSE GSM Service Switching Function
• interfaces MSC/VLR to gsmSCF
CAMEL Service • derived from IN SSF
Environment

CS gsm gsm
Domain SSF SSF
MSC / E
VLR GMSC

GSM Service • stores CAMEL

Control Function: gsm Subscription
contains CAMEL HLR AuC Information CSI
service logic for SCF
Operator-Specific
Services

SGSN GGSN
PS Gn
gprs MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR&&SGSN:
SGSN:
Domain store
SSF store CSI as partofof
CSI as part
subscriber
subscriberprofile
profile

GPRS Service Switching Function

• interfaces SGSN to gsmSCF

Fig. 12 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 25)

 CAMEL
Protocols & Data transfer
Interfaces Signalling
O-CSI
T-CSI
TS 23.078,
MAP 29.078
HLR gsmSCF
HPLMN
CSE
MAP
CAP
Interfaces
gsmSSF
gprsSSF
MSC/VLR
SGSN
UE
gsmSSF

CSE: CAMEL Service Environment MSC/VLR

gsmSSF: GSM Service Switching Function
gsmSCF: GSM Service Control Function
CAP: CAMEL Application Part
MAP: Mobile Application Part
O-CSI: CAMEL Subscription Information (MOC) VPLMN
T-CSI: CAMEL Subscription Information (MTC)
Fig. 13 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 27)
 UMTS
GSM BSS Network CS Domain
PSTN
BTS T MSC /
B R VLR GMSC
A IWF/ ISDN
S U TC
BTS C

CSE EIR HLR AuC

UTRAN
Node B R X.25
(n x BTS)
UE N
Node B C SGSN GGSN IP
(n x BTS)

PS Billing
R Domain CGF
System
Node B
(n x BTS) N SMS-GMSC
SM-SC
C Release `99 CN: SMS-IWMSC

PS Domain
Fig. 14 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 29)
 GGSN TS 23.060 • Interworking PLMN  PDN (Gi)
Gateway GPRS
• Screening / Filtering
Support Node • Storing Routing Information (current SGSN)
• Requesting Location Information from HLR
(Gc optional; for MTC)
• Routing Packets  SGSN (Gn)
• Collecting Charging Data & forwarding
to CGF (Ga)

HLR AuC

Gc

Fig. 15 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 31)

X.25
Gn Gi
SGSN IP-based GGSN IP
Backbone
Network
Ga
Gp Billing
SGSN CGF System

PS other SGSN External

Domain PLMN Networks
 RA
SGSN RA
5
• Serving all UEs in SGSN area =
2 RA 1 / several Routing Area(s) RA
Serving GPRS LA RA • Storing subscriber profiles
Support Node 1 RA 4
RA (requested from HLR)
3 RA • Mobility Management, e.g
7 Update Location, Attach, Paging,..
SGSN area 6
• Security & Access Control:
Authentication, Cipher start, IMEI Check...
MSC / • Routing / Traffic-Management
VLR • Collecting charging data
TS 23.060 •…
Gs
SMS-GMSC
GSM BSS CSE EIR HLR AuC SMS-IWMSC
Gs Gr

Fig. 16 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 33)

CAP Gd
BSC Gb
Gn
SGSN IP-based GGSN
Backbone
RNC Iu(PS) Network
Ga
Gp
CGF
SGSN
other
PS PLMN SGSN
UTRAN Domain
 CGF TS 23.060
Charging Gateway & 32.015
Functionality Gn
SGSN GGSN TS32.015:
TS32.015:
Charging & Billing
Charging & Billing
for the PS Domain
for the PS Domain
Ga Ga
PS
Domain CGF • collect CDRs from SGSNs & GGSNs
• intermediate CDR storage buffering
• CDR data transfer to the BS

External Billing
Networks System BS

Fig. 17 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 35)

The CGF can:
Charging • reside in a separate N.E.:
BS
Gateway Charging Gateway CG
GSNs CG

• be integrated
GSN CGF BS in the GSNs

CDR: Charging Data Record

N.E.: Network Element
 UMTS
GSM BSS Network CS Domain
PSTN
BTS T MSC /
B R VLR GMSC
A IWF/ ISDN
S U TC
BTS C
CSE EIR HLR AuC
UTRAN
Node B R X.25
(n x BTS)
UE N
Node B C SGSN GGSN IP
(n x BTS)

PS Billing
R Domain CGF
System
Node B
(n x BTS) N SMS-GMSC
SM-SC
C Release `99: SMS-IWMSC

UTRAN & UE
Fig. 18 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 37)
 RNC • 100% autonomously RRM
(e.g. Radio Resource Control, Access Control,
Radio Network Admission Control, Handover Control,…)
Controller • (De-)Ciphering & BEC (Layer 2 tasks)
• storing UEs location information
• RNS-Control (RNC & Node B’s)
• ATM Switching
MSC / (Iu, Iur & Iub: ATM Interfaces)
VLR • „WCDMA specific tasks“ SGSN
CS PS
Domain IWF/ TC Domain

Iu(CS) Iu(PS) UTRAN

RNS
Radio RNC Iur
Network Radio Network RNC
Controller
Sub
system
Iub Iub

Node Node Node Node

B B B B
Uu
UE

Fig. 19 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 39)

 • Support of 1or several cells
Node B • “WCDMA Transmission”
• ATM Termination
• Forward Error Correction FEC
RNS • Radio Interface Measurements U
Radio RNC (Quality & Strength) T
Network Radio Network RNC R
Sub Controller
A
system N
Iub
Node Node Node Node
B B B B

Uu
UE

Sector-Cell
Omni-Cell Node Node Sector-Cell
B Sector-Cell B

Fig. 20 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 41)

 UE
User Equipment
MSC/VLR
TS 23.101 &
Node
31series RNC
B
SGSN
Uu

UE = ME + USIM

USIM • Subscriber license

UMTS Subscriber • Personal Identities
Identity Module (e.g.MSISDN, IMSI, TMSI, PIN,...)
ME • Security Algorithm & Keys
Mobile Equipment (for Authentication, Ciphering,..)
• Personal phone book
• HW & SW for „WCDMA • USIM Application Toolkit
Radio Transmission“ USAT
TS 31.1xx
• Man-Maschine-Interface MMI
series
Fig. 21 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 43)
UMTS Network
Summary
(Rel. `99)
GSM BSS CS Domain
A PSTN
BTS T MSC /
B R VLR E
GMSC
Abis A IWF/ ISDN
S U TC C/D
Um BTS C Gb CAP F

CSE EIR HLR AuC

Uu UTRAN
Gf
Node B R CAP Gr Gc X.25
(n x BTS) Iu(CS)
Iub N
UE Iu(PS) Gn Gi
IP
Node B C SGSN GGSN
(n x BTS)
Iur PS Ga
Billing
R Domain CGF
System
Node B
(n x BTS) N Gd SMS-GMSC
C SMS-IWMSC SM-SC

Fig. 22 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 45)

 UMTS
PSTN / Network Intra- /
ISDN Internet

UMTS CN

Co-existence of
GERAN GSM & UMTS UTRAN
network elements

Further Evolution
Release 4 & 5 GERAN: GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network

Fig. 23 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 47)

 3G modularity
& future options 3G RAN
EDGE

UTRA TDD HCR

3G
Core Iu
UTRA TDD LCR
Network
UTRA FDD

Fig. 24 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 49)

e.g.
enhanced
GSM / IS-41,
MC- CDMA
or
R`4, R`5
UMTS CN 3G-MSS

Hiperlan-2,
strict separation MBS,..
CN - RAN tasks
 flexibility in 3G
 UMTS CN R`4 R`4
TS 23.002
CS Domain Applications and Services

CAP CAP (G-)MSC Server:

Call Control • Call Control
• Mobility Management
Level • MGW Control
PS
PSDomain
Domain HLR • VLR functionality
unchanged
unchanged D C • CDRs
• (HLR-Interrogation)
compared
comparedto
toR`99
R`99 MSC GMSC
Server Server
Nc (e.g. BICC)

Iu Mc Mc (H.248/MEGACO)
A
Bearer Level
GERAN
A
CS- Nb (e.g. ATM, IP) CS- PSTN/
UTRAN MGW MGW ISDN
Iu

MGW:
• Bearer Control
• Transmission Resource Management
• Data Format Conversion MEGACO: IETF Media Gateway Control protocol
CDR: Call Data Records • Transcoding H.248: ITU protocol for Media Gateway Control
BICC: Bearer Independent Call Control
MGW: Media Gateway
Fig. 25 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 51)
 CSCF:
UMTS CN R`5 Intelligent & Application Servers • Session Flow Handling
• Application Coordination
IMS & PS Domain • interfaces IN/Application
CSE WAP ••• Servers
• CDR`s
HSS:
• similar HLR

MGCF PSTN
UTRAN CSCF
HSS
ISDN
R MGW
Uu Node
B R R IP R
Iub N
UE Node C R Backbone
(USIM)
B R IP
Iur Iu R
R SGSN GGSN Gi
Node X.25
B N
Iub C MGCF:
• MGW control R`5
• Call Control TS 23.002
HSS: Home Subscriber Server other • Signalling Protocol
Conversion (SS7 to SIP) IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem
CSCF: Call State Control Function
PLMN
MGW: Media Gateway
MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function R: IP Router/Switch
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
Fig. 26 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 53)
UMTS Network
Summary
(Rel. `99)
GSM BSS CS Domain
A PSTN
BTS T MSC /
B R VLR E
GMSC
Abis A IWF/ ISDN
S U TC C/D
Um BTS C Gb CAP F

CSE EIR HLR AuC

Uu UTRAN
Gf
Node B R CAP Gr Gc X.25
(n x BTS) Iu(CS)
Iub N
UE Iu(PS) Gn Gi
IP
Node B C SGSN GGSN
(n x BTS)
Iur PS Ga
Billing
R Domain CGF
System
Node B
(n x BTS) N Gd SMS-GMSC
C SMS-IWMSC SM-SC

(TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 61)

UMTS Network
Summary
(Rel. `99)
GSM BSS CS Domain
A PSTN
BTS T MSC /
B R VLR E
GMSC
Abis A IWF/ ISDN
S U TC C/D
Um BTS C Gb CAP F

CSE EIR HLR AuC

Uu UTRAN
Gf
Node B R CAP Gr Gc X.25
(n x BTS) Iu(CS)
Iub N
UE Iu(PS) Gn Gi
IP
Node B C SGSN GGSN
(n x BTS)
Iur PS Ga
Billing
R Domain CGF
System
Node B
(n x BTS) N Gd SMS-GMSC
C SMS-IWMSC SM-SC

(TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 71)