ELECTRON

MICROSCOPE
Raport by: Kavy sleman
 Electron microscope
◦ An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of
accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an
electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light 
photons, electron microscopes have a higher resolving power than 
light microscopes and can reveal the structure of smaller objects
.
◦ Electron microscopes are used to
investigate the ultrastructure of a wide range
of biological and inorganic specimens
including microorganisms, cells, large 
molecules, biopsy samples, metals, and 
crystals. Industrially, electron microscopes
are often used for quality control and 
failure analysis. Modern electron
microscopes produce electron micrographs
 using specialized digital cameras and 
frame grabbers to capture the images.
 Types of Electron Microscopes

. Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

. Reflection electron microscope (REM)

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
◦ The transmission electron
microscope is the original type
of electron microscope, which
directs a high voltage electron
beam towards the specimen to
illuminate it and create a
magnified image of the sample.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
◦ The scanning electron microscope used a
technique known as raster scanning to
produce magnified images of the specimen. It
directs a focused electron beam across the
rectangular area of the specimen, which loses
energy as it passes through. The energy is
converted into other forms of energy, such as
heat, light, secondary electrons, and
backscattered electrons. This information can
be translated to view the topography and
composition of the original specimen.
Reflection electron microscope (REM)
◦ The reflection electron microscope
involves the detection of a beam of
elastically scattered electrons that is
reflected off of the specimen that is
being examined. The reflection high-
energy electron diffraction (RHEED)
and reflection high-energy loss
spectroscopy (RHELS) techniques
are often used in this type of
microscopy.
 Function
•In contrast with the light microscope, the electron microscope uses an
electron beam that interfere with the specimen ( biological or inorganic )
placed in the tube.
•They are frequently used to examine cells, microorganisms, metals,
crystals and biopsy samples.
•This type of microscope can reveal a wide variety of information about a
specimen including:
— morphology
— crystallographic information
— compositional information
— topography
Uses

•Electron microscopes are valuable tools in medical and biological fields,

as well as in the industry for materials research. Almost all scientific
fields can use electron microscopes.
•The most common fields of study include:
— biology
— medicine
— chemistry
— forensics
EM Application

Biology and Medicine Industry

Diagnostic electron microscopy Particle detection and characterization

Cryobiology Direct beam-writing fabrication

Protein localization Dynamic materials experiments

Electron tomography Sample preparation

Cryo-electron microscopy Forensics

Toxicology Mining (mineral liberation analysis)

Biological production and viral load monitoring ------

Particle analysis ------