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The Problem
??
g(q,l)
x
l f(x,y)
0
Back Projection Method
A little trick that almost works!
Object
G ( , ) 1D g (l , g (l , ) e j 2l
dl
g (l , )
Projection-Slice Theorem
This is a very important theorem in CT imaging
First take the 1D Fourier transform a projection g(l,q)
G ( , ) 1D g (l , g (l , ) e j 2l
dl
This looks a lot like
F (u, v) f ( x, y )e j 2 xu yv dxdy
G ( , ) F ( cos( ), sin( ))
2D FT
qo
f(x,y) F(u,v)
qo
g (l , o )
G ( , o ) 1D g (l , o ) g (l , o ) e j 2l
dl
u cos( ), v sin( )
v
u 2 v 2 , tan 1
u
The Fourier Reconstruction Method
2D IFT
f(x,y) F(u,v)
g (l , o ) qo
u cos( ), v sin( )
G ( , o ) 1D g (l , o ) g (l , o ) e j 2l
dl
f ( x, y ) 1
2D G ( , )
Image Reconstruction
Using Filtered Backprojection
g ( , l )
Filter
t
Backprojection
Filtered Back Projection
The Fourier method is not widely used in CT because of the
computational issues with creating the 2D FT from projections.
However, the method does lead to a popular technique called
filtered back projection.
j 2 xu yv
f ( x, y )
F (u , v ) e dudv
2
j 2 x cos y sin
We can write this as f ( x, y )
0
G ( , ) e dd
f ( x, y ) G ( , )e j 2 l
d d
0 l x cos( ) y sin( )
Filtered Back Projection
And Back Projection
A. Back Projection
b ( x, y ) g ( x cos( ) y sin( ), )
f b ( x, y ) b ( x, y )d
0
f ( x, y ) G ( , )e j 2 l
d d
0 l x cos( ) y sin( )
Filtered Back Projection Method
Filtered Back Projection
Object
Digital Filter
1) take 1D FFT of projection
2) multiply by ramp filter
3) take 1D inverse FFT
4) make a back projection
Filtered Back Projection Method
Always works! Filtered Back Projection
Object
Digital Filter
1) take 1D FFT of projection
2) multiply by ramp filter
3) take 1D inverse FFT
4) make a back projection
Filtered Back Projection Method
Always works! Filtered Back Projection
Object
Digital Filter
We do this for every angle 1) take 1D FFT of projection
and then add together all 2) multiply by ramp filter
the filtered back projected 3) take 1D inverse FFT
images 4) make a back projection
Filtered Back Projection
verses Back Projection
A. Back Projection
b ( x, y ) g ( x cos( ) y sin( ), )
f b ( x, y ) b ( x, y )d
0
f ( x, y ) G ( , )e j 2 l
d d
0 l x cos( ) y sin( )
Convolution Back Projection
From the filtered back projection algorithm we get
f ( x, y ) G ( , )e j 2 l
d d
0 l x cos( ) y sin( )
recall 1D F1 ( ) F2 ( ) f1 ( x) f 2 ( x)
1
f ( x, y ) g (l , ) 1D1 ( ) l x cos( ) y sin( )
d
0
Convolution Back Projection
f ( x, y ) g (l , ) 1D1 ( ) l x cos( ) y sin( )
d
0
c(l ) 1D1 ( )
Let
f ( x, y ) g (l , ) c(l ) l x cos( ) y sin( ) d
0
Convolution Back Projection
c(l ) 1D1 ( )
f ( x, y ) g (l , ) c(l ) l x cos( ) y sin( ) d
0
Convolution Back Projection
c(l ) 1D1 ( )
f ( x, y ) g (l , ) c(l ) l x cos( ) y sin( ) d
0
c~ (l ) 1D1 ( W ( )) W ( )e j 2l d
Convolution Back Projection
f ( x, y ) g (l , ) c~ (l ) d
0
c~ (l ) 1D1 ( W ( )) W ( )e j 2l d