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4 m1 m2 m3 C.F = f1 ( y mx ) xf 2 ( y mx ) x 2 f 3 ( y mx )
5 m1 m2 , m3 is different C.F = f1 ( y mx ) xf 2 ( y mx ) f 3 ( y m3 x )
Type: 2 If f ( x, y ) e ax by
1
P .I e ax by
( D, D )
1
P .I sin(ax by ) (or ) cos(ax by )
( D, D)
Here replace D 2 by a 2 , D 2 by b 2 and DD by ab . Do not
replace for D and D . If the denominator equal to zero, then
apply the same producer as in Type: 2.
Type: 4 If f ( x, y ) x m y n
1
P .I xm yn
( D, D)
1
xm yn
1 g ( D, D )
1 g( D, D) x m y n
1
ii) 1 x 1 x x 2 x 3 ...
1
iii) 1 x 1 2 x 3 x 2 4 x 3 ...
2
iv) 1 x 1 2 x 3 x 2 4 x 3 ...
2
v) (1 x )3 1 3 x 6 x 2 10 x 3 ...
vi) (1 x )3 1 3 x 6 x 2 10 x 3 ...
Type: 5 If f ( x, y ) e ax by V , where
V=sin(ax by ) (or) cos(ax by ) (or) x m y n
1
P .I e ax by V
( D, D)
First operate e ax by by replacing D by D a and D by D a .
1
P . I e ax by V , Now this will either Type: 3 or
( D a , D b)
Type: 4.
1
P .I y sin ax
( D, D)
1
y sin ax y c m2 x
D m1 D D m2 D
1
c m2 x sin ax dx (Apply Bernouili’s method)
D m1 D
If m1 m2 then
C .F e1 x f1 y m1 x e2 x f 2 y m2 x
If m1 m2 then
C .F e x f1 y mx xe x f 2 y mx
dz dz
In this type put u x ay , then p ,q a
du du
4 n 1 n
8) The Parseval’s Identity for half range sine series in the interval (0,π):
2
[ f ( x )]2
dx bn2
n 1
0
Change of interval:
n x n x
2 2 2
1 1 1
Where a0
0
f ( x )dx , an
0
f ( x )cos dx , bn
0
f ( x )sin dx
2 2 n x 2 n x
Where a0 f ( x )dx , a
0
n f ( x )cos
0
dx , bn f ( x )sin
0
dx
In this interval, you have to verify the function is either odd function or even
function. If it is even function then find only a0 and an ( bn 0 ). If it is odd
function then find only bn ( a0 an 0 ).
11) The half range Fourier Series in the interval (0, ℓ):
a0 n x
f ( x ) an cos
2 n 1
2 2 n x
Where a0 f ( x )dx , a
0
n f ( x )cos
0
dx
2 n x
Where bn f ( x )sin
0
dx
n 1
14) The Parseval’s Identity for half range cosine series in the interval (0,ℓ):
2 a02 2
0 [ f ( x )] dx 4
2
an
n 1
15) The Parseval’s Identity for half range sine series in the interval (0,ℓ):
2
[ f ( x )]2
dx bn2
n 1
0
16) Harmonic Analysis:
a0
f ( x) an cos nx bn sin nx
2 n 1 n 1
where
2 2 2 2
a0 y , a1 y cos x , a2 y cos 2 x , a3 y cos 3 x ,...
n n n n
2 2 2
b1
n
y sin x , b 2 y sin 2 x , b 3 y sin 3 x ,...
n n
2 x
When the values of x is given as numbers the is calculated by .
T
Where T is period, n is the number of values given. If the first and last y values
are same we can omit one of them.
iii) u( x, t ) Ax B C
2) Convolution Theorem
2s
b) Fs [ f ( x )]
a s22
10) Properties
d
a) Fs [ xf ( x )] F [ f ( x )]
ds c
d
b) Fc [ xf ( x )] Fs [ f ( x )]
ds
F ( s ) ds
2 2
a) f ( x ) dx
1) Definition of Z-transform:
Let f ( n) be the sequence defined for all the positive integers n such that
Z f ( n) f ( n) z n
n 0
2)
Sl.No Z f ( n ) F [z]
Z 1
z
1.
z 1
z
2. Z ( 1)n
z 1
z
3. Z a n
za
z
4. Z n
z 1
2
z2
5. Z n 1
z 1
2
1 z
6. Z log
n z 1
n z
7. Z sin
2 z 1
2
n z2
Z cos
2
8.
z2 1
a z 2 az
9. Z n a
2 n
z a
3
5) Z a f (n) Z f (n) z z
n
d
6) Z nf ( n) z Z f ( n )
dz
7) Inverse Z-transform s
Sl.No Z 1 F ( z ) f ( n)
z
1. Z 1 1
z 1
z
2. Z 1 ( 1)n
z 1
z
3. Z 1 an
za
z
Z 1 a
n
4.
za
z
5. Z 1 n
z 1 2
z
6. Z 1 na n1
z a 2
z
n a
n 1
7. Z 1
z a 2
z 2
n
8. Z 1 2 cos
z 1 2
z2
1 n
9. Z 2 2 a n cos
z a 2
z
10. Z 1 2 n
z 1 sin
2
z n
11. Z 1 2 2 a n1 sin
z a 2