DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi and Approved by AICTE. New Delhi)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
(All B.E. Courses Accredited by NBA, New Delhi)

Technical seminar on-

“specifications for wood for doors and windows”

Presented by- MD ASIF IQBAL(1DT15CV039)

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 wood
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots
of trees and other  woody plants. It is an organic material – a
natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in
a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the
secondary xylem in the stems of trees
 DOORS
 Doors may be defined as an openable barrier secured in a wall opening. It is provided to
give an access to inside of a room.It
 consists of two parts:-
 1. Door frame
 2. Door shutter

Types of doors
 mainly classified on the basis of-
  Arrangement of components
  Method or menner of construction
  Working operations
  Metal doors

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This includes four types

1. Battened & ledged doors

2. Battened, ledged and braced doors
3. Battened, ledged and framed doors
4. Battened, ledged, braced and framed doors

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 Battened & ledged doors

Battened & ledged doors These doors consist of

vertical boards called battens which are nailed or
screwed to the horizontal members, called
ledges . Often the battens are a-bout 15 to 18 cm
wide and 2 to 3 cm thick. Doors made with
narrow battens like these have a better
appearance.

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 Battened, ledged and braced doors

This is a ledged and battened door to which braces have been added to
prevent sagging. These braces must slope upwards from the hinge edge
of the door, and they are housed with a skew notch into the ledges.

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 Battened, Ledged & Framed Doors

It is improved version of battened and ledged doors with

provision of frame. Two vertical members known as styles are
provided

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 Battened, Ledged , Braced & Framed Doors

Same as above with extra braces.

 WINDOWS

A WINDOW is also a vented barrier secured in a wall opening. The functionof the
window is to admit light and air to the building and to give a view to the outside.
WINDOW consists of two parts:-
1. Window frame
2. 2. Window shutte

A window is comprised of two parts:-

1.Window Frame
2. Sashes or Shutter Frame
Fixed windows
A window that cannot beopened, whose function islimited to
allowing light toenter. This type of windowis used in situations
wherelight or vision alone isneeded as no ventilation ispossible
through fixedwindows
Pivoted Window

A window having a section which is pivoted

near the center so that the top of the section
swings in and the bottom swings out
Double hung windows

A window with two parts that overlap

slightly and slide up and down inside the
frame. The two parts are not necessarily the
same size.
Sliding Windows

Their shutters move eitherhorizontally or

vertically.
Casement Window

A casement window to its frame by one or

more hinges.. They are used singly or in pairs
within a common frame
INSTALLING DOOR FRAMES

Frames which are improperly built-in can causeproblems later, when the plastering is
done or thedoors are hung. Therefore we must give specialattention to setting the
frames properly.A door frame should be fixed in such a way that thedoor can open
flat to the wall. Otherwise, the door willform a lever to the frame, and the hinges will
be forcedout when the door swings wide open suddenly.Door frames can be fixed in
position either during themasonry construction or after the walling has
beencompleted.
INSTALLING WINDOW FRAMES

Installing window frames is similar to installing doorframes (see Door Frames

section). A window frameshould be fixed in such a way that the casement canopen
flat to the wall, otherwise the casement willforui a lever with the edge of the wall.
This can causethe hinges to be forced out when the window is blownopen by the
wind.Window frames can be installed either during theconstruction of the walls, or
after the walling has beencompleted.