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ANATOMY

AND
PHYSIOLO
GY
ANATOMY
Outer Morphology

• Ridges- grasp
• Creases- flexibility
• Other features
General Anatomy of Skin
• Epidermis
• Dermis, and
• Hypodermis
EPIDERMIS
• Prevents water loss
• Receptor organ
• Protective barrier
Dermis
• connective tissue
• network of cells, fibers, blood vessels, and
gelatinous material
• blood reserve, sensory reception and
temperature regulator

HYPODERMIS
• adipose cells
• energy reserve
• eccrine sweat gland
• Friction ridges- 2500– 3000/2.5 cm2
• temperature regulator

STRUCTURE OF FRICTION RIDGE SKIN


• ridges and furrows
Epidermis
• “stratified, continually renewing epithelium that exhibits progressive
differentiation (keratinization, cornification) in a basal to superficial
direction”
Types
• keratinocytes,
• melanocytes,
• Langerhans cells, and
• Merkel cells
Keratinocytes
• 90–95%
• keratin intermediate filaments
• durable protein
• 20 varieties of keratin
• K9, K6, and K16- keratin of ridges
• K9 -keratinocytes above the basal layer of the primary ridges
• K17- basal keratinocytes in the deepest part of the primary ridges
• K6-basal keratinocytes in vertical segments of the primary ridges
• K16- keratinocytes of the secondary ridges and above the dermal papillae

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