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Rolling:
makes sheet metal
(hot or cold)
Forging:
makes strong solid parts
(hot or cold)
Extrusion:
makes complex cross-sections
from soft metals and plastics
(hot)
Wire drawing:
Makes strong small dia. wire
(hot or cold)
Bending: (2D)
Bend sheet metal about single axis
(hot or cold)
-Drawing
Cracks tend to start where grain boundaries intersect surface. Forging minimizes these.
Thread-rolling for bolts:
Rolled threads stronger than machined (and less expensive)
Directional Properties in Rolling
Oriented flowlines:
-Less ductility when bent in one direction
-More ductility when bent in the other
Slab Production: Hot Rolling Color & Temp
www.labware.com
www.falckacciai.it
Progressive Hot Rolling:
smaller, uniform grains
Kalpakjian
Hot Working:
Forging
www.civil.ubc.ca
Lunchtime on a Crossbeam, Unknown, www.buffalogames.com
Extrusion (hot or cold):
Typ.: Alum., soft metals
With special lubes: steels
~Any cross-section
Inexpensive dies
Good finish
Extrusion:
Hollow cross-sections: Use Mandrels
Piercing
(Hot)
Seamless pipe, tube
Cold-Working (vs. Hot):
Products:
• Better tolerances
• Much better surface finish
• Elongated (and smaller) grains
• Turns inexpensive alloys into stronger but less ductile products
• Sheetmetal lends itself to cold working, not hot working
Processes:
• Higher processing forces
• Larger and stronger machinery
• Less ductility available
• Lower energy use
Cold Rolling: Sheetmetal production
finance.pipex.com
Cold Rolling: Sheetmetal production
www.cometroll.com
www.safeair-dowco.com
Roll Forming of sheetmetal
www.mortonbuildings.com
Punching & Blanking of Sheetmetal
Punch
Stripper plate
Die
Punching Blanking
(Scrap) (Saved: a
“blank”)
Punching of
Sheetmetal
Blanking of Sheetmetal: Efficient Nesting of Blanks
Sheetmetal: Bending
Springback:
Sheetmetal: Minimum Bend Radius