Propeller (Rotor)

• Propellers are used to provide the thrust,

which plays the predominant role in the
manuvering of UAVs.
• Diameter and twisting angle of the rotor are
the main parameters involved in the selection
of propeller.

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 Battery
• Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries are the battery of choice in the
UAV device market. These batteries are lightweight,
inexpensive (in general terms, for power output) and powerful.
• Each battery is rated in units of milli Amp hours (mAh); the
amount of mAh is a measure of the charge capacity
(endurance) of the battery.
• In addition, each battery contains a series of cells. In general
terms, the batteries used in UAVs are 4 - 6 cells. As battery
capacity increases, so does the weight, size and cost.
• The aim is to find the “sweet spot” to maximize flight time.
Each fully charged cell stores 4.2 Volts. A battery at 3.2 Volts
will not have enough power to fly.
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 Motor
• Motors convert electric energy to mechanical force /
motion
• Basic Classification
– Brushed Motor
– Brushless Motor
• In-runner
• Out-runner

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 Parameters to be considered
• Thrust to Weight Ratio
• Motor Size and KV
• Permanent magnet rate (P and N)
• Comparatively BLDC motor is efficient than
Brushed Motor

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 Components of Brushless Motor
• Stator

• Rotor

• Sensor – For Position estimation

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 Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)
• An electronic speed controller (ESC) is an
electronic circuit whose main purpose is to
vary the speed of an electric motor and
thereby by support the manuvering of an UAV.

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 Components of ESC
• Micro-controller
– a step-down (“buck”) converter 
– gate driver control and fault handling unit
– timing and control logic unit
• MOSFET
• Voltage Regulator unit

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 Connection

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 Flight Control Board
• A flight controller (FC) is a small circuit board
of varying complexity.
• Its function is to direct the RPM of each motor
in response to input.
• A command from the RC pilot for the multi-
rotor to maneuver is fed into the flight
controller, which determines how to
manipulate the motors accordingly.

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 Sensors
• Gyroscope – for angle orientation
• Accelerometer – for velocity estimation
• Pressure Sensor – for altitude estimation
• Magnetometer – for heading estimation

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