Electricity Class Xth

Lec – 2
 Define 1 volt Potential Difference

*The potential difference between two point is said to be 1 volt if 1 joule of work is done in moving 1 coulomb of
Electric charge form one point to the other
P.D = Work done/charge
= 1J/1C
= 1Volt
1Volt = 1J/1C

*The potential difference is measured by means of an instrument called voltmeter

*Let the Potential of a point A in a electric field is V(a) & another point B is V(b) Then Change in the potential is written as

𝝙V
  =V ( a ) − V (b)
V(b) V(a)
B A
+
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES Q. How much work is done in moving a charge of 2C from a point 120 volt to a point 145 volt?
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES Q. How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6V battery ?
 Electric
Electric Current
Current
The Electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charges in an conductor(such as metal wire)
*The magnitude of electric current is equal to the amount of electric charges flow through a conductor in a given time.

So, Electric current = Charge flow through conductor/ given time

*The S.I Unit of electric current is Ampere (A) denoted by (I)
If a charge of Q coulombs flows through a conductor in time t seconds then the magnitude I of the electric current
is given by I = Q/t
Define
Define 1
1 Ampere
Ampere
When 1 coulomb of charge flows through any conductor in 1 second the electric current flowing through it is said to
be 1 ampere 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/1second
1A = 1 C / 1 s
  *Two smaller unit of current called milliampere & Microampere denoted by (mA) & (
1 milliampere = 1/1000 Ampere
1mA = 10-3A
(1 A = 10-6A)

*Current is measured by an instrument called ammeter