SCREENING CANCER GENE USING MICROARRAY

Adibah, A. R. , Siti Mariam, M. , Siti Najihah, M., Norhalifah Hanim, K., Siti Amalina, M. R.
BACHELOR OF MEDICAL LAB TECHNOLOGY (HONS) , FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE , UNIVERSITI
TEKNOLOGI MARA , PUNCAK ALAM CAMPUS , 42300 BANDAR PUNCAK ALAM, SELANGOR.
 

Introduction
•Color
I. green- healthy sample
II. red- cancer sample
•after reverse transcriptase process finished, the mRNA degraded, left only cDNA
4. Apply DNA on microarray
•The sample DNA then applied to the microarray
5. Microarray scanning
6. Data analyzing
Figure 1 show the example of microchip (Squire, 2002)

What is microarray? Results

Sequence dots of DNA, protein, or tissue arranged on an array for easy simultaneous
analysis. The spot has unique sequence from the other spot in the array and will hybridize
only to its complimentary strand. ( Rajkumar ,2007)
Application of microarray?
•Gene discovery- helps in identifies new genes
•Disease diagnosis- helps researches learn more about different disease and study of •The green spots show genes whose expressed healthy cell.
cancer. •The red spots show genes that turned up in cancer cells.
•Toxicological research- provides robust platform for the research of impact of toxin on the •The yellow spots show genes expressed in cancel cells and
cell and their passing on to the progeny. healthy cells.
•Drug discovery- researches can synthesis new drug which combat with these protein and •The black spots represents areas where neither the Control
reduce their effect. nor Sample DNA hybridized to the target DNA.
Objective and Principle
Objectives Figure 4 shows the example from microarray
experiment
•To examine changes in gene expression for large numbers of genes.
•For diagnosis and analysis DNA sequences.
•To detect DNA sequences that differ by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) •Each spot on an array is associated with a particular gene.
•For detection, identification and genotyping of pathogen in molecular diagnostic laboratories. •Each colour in an array represents either healthy (control) or diseased (sample) tissue.
•Depending on the type of array used, the location and intensity of a colour will tell us whether
the genes are expressed in healthy or cancer cells.
•It will also provide an estimate of the expression level of the gene in the sample and control
DNA.

•Breast cancer complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray

results evaluated by hierarchical gene cluster analysis for
defining specific gene expression signatures.
•Hierarchical clustering algorithm permits the clustering of
individual tumor profiles on the basis of their similarities to
their coexpression with the estrogen receptor alpha gene.
Figure 2 shows the principle of microarray •Each row represents a tumor and each column a single
( Call ,2001)
gene.
•Red indicates up-regulation; green, down-regulation; and
Methods black, no change in relative gene expression.

Figure 5 shows example of result of screening

breast cancer

Figure 3 shows the procedure that involve in microarray experiment
1.Tissue collection
•Cancer and healthy tissues are both collected from the patient.
Conclusion
• The microarray technique has many application that we can use for example in detecting
cancer genes and discovery of drug
• There are also several limitation in this technique. For example :
- The tissue sample must be precise to obtain accurate analysis
- This technique is expensive and may not affordable to all laboratories
- This technique required large quantity of RNA sample
- The result obtained must be validate with real time PCR and northern blot
• For the future, the microarray technique can be improved the women at risk of breast cancer at
the time of screening to prevent unnecessary toxic and expensive adjuvant therapies for patients
with nonmetastasizing tumors.
( Rajkumar ,2007)

2. Isolate mRNA
•The tissues are dissolved in organic solvents, then centrifuged for the extraction of the RNA References
from the cells
•The mRNA then separated from other types of RNA by using columns filled with small beads. Journal
I. A poly A-tail is the one that will attach to the beads and only the mRNA has the poly A- • Call, D. (2001). DNA microarrays – their mode of action and possible. Veterinary Sciences Tomorrow , 1-9
tail. • Rajkumar, R. S. (2007). DNA Microarray and Breast Cancer-A Review. Int J Hum Genet , 49-56.
II. The mRNA is detached from the beads using the buffer. • Squire, P. F. (2002). Application of Microarrays to the Analysis of Gene. Clinical Chemistry , 1170-1177.
•A. C. (2008). Serum proteome profiling of metastatic breast cancer using. European Journal Of Cancer ,
3. Make labeled-cDNA copy 472-480.
•A fluorescent-color-labeled mix is added to the mRNA.
Website
I. Labeled nucleotide
II. Poly T-primer • http://www.premierbiosoft.com/tech_notes/microarray.html
III. Reverse transcriptase
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